Sympathomimetic- Ephedrine

Question 1

Ephedrine bottle concentration

Answer 1

50mg/ml

Question 2

indirect acting synthetic sympathomimetic that stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 2

ephedrine

Question 3

which receptors does ephedrine DIRECTLY stimulate

Answer 3

alpha

Question 4

which neurotransmitter does ephedrine INDIRECTLY stimulate the release of

Answer 4

release of endogenous NE

Question 5

why can we give ephedrine PO

Answer 5

resistant to metabolism by MAO in the GI tract

Question 6

how much ephedrine is excreted in the urine unchanged

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

how is ephedrine metabolized

Answer 7

deaminated by MAO in the liver

Question 8

why is IM ephedrine clinically acceptable

Answer 8

local vasoconstriction is insufficient to delay systemic absorption or lead to tissue injury

Question 9

what is responsible for the prolonged duration of action of ephedrine

Answer 9

slow inactivation and excretion of ephedrine

Question 10

does ephedrine increase blood sugar

Answer 10

no hyperglycemia

Question 11

eye effects with ephedrine

Answer 11

mydriasis

Question 12

does CNS stimualation occur

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

ephedrine dose

Answer 13

5-10mg

Question 14

why WAS ephedrine considered the better choice for parturients?

Answer 14

Was considered the preferred sympathomimetic for parturients with decreased systemic BP due to spinal or epidural anesthesia. Animal studies demonstrated uterine blood flow was not greatly altered

Question 15

why do we prefer phenylephrine over ephedrine for parturients

Answer 15

Phenylephrine is associated with a higher umbilical artery pH at delivery.
Phenylephrine by infusion during a C-section to maintain maternal SPB at baseline is associated with a lower incidence of fetal acidosis than is ephedrine

Question 16

if sympathetic nervous system blockade is present or hypotension from regional anesthesia or inhaled or injected anesthesia, what medication is commonly selected to increase BP

Answer 16

ephedrine

Question 17

compared to EPI what is ephedrine onset

Answer 17

slow compared to EPI

Question 18

why do we give ephedrine during coryza

Answer 18

decongestant effect accompanying oral administration produces relief from colds

Question 19

what is the antiemetic dose of ephedrine

Answer 19

0.5mg/kg

Question 20

what is ephedrine compared to as an antiemetic

Answer 20

droperidol

Question 21

what is the benefit to giving ephedrine over droperidol

Answer 21

less sedation

Question 22

what is the chronic oral form of ephedrine used for

Answer 22

bronchial asthma because of its bronchodilating effects by activating beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Question 23

iv ephedrine increase what cardiovascular effects

Answer 23

SBP, DBP, HR and CO

Question 24

what two systems blood flows are decreased with ephedrine

Answer 24

renal and splanchnic

Question 25

what two systems does see increased blood flows with ephedrine

Answer 25

coronary and skeletal muscles

Question 26

ephedrine increases BP what is the response onset and duration compared to epi

Answer 26

less intense onset and last 10 times longer

Question 27

ephedrine effects on SVR

Answer 27

altered minimally b/c vasoconstriction is some vascular beds is offset by vasodilation (b2 stimulation) in other areas

Question 28

ephedrine alpha CV effects

Answer 28

peripheral arterial and venous vasoconstriction

Question 29

ephedrine beta CV effects

Answer 29

increase myocardial contractility

Question 30

second dose of ephedrine produces a less intense systemic BP response than first dose due to what mechanism

Answer 30

tachyphylaxis

Question 31

tachyphylaxis to ephedrine involves which receptor

Answer 31

alpha receptor inhibition

Question 32

in a beta blocked patient ephedrine may resemble response more typical to which receptor activation

Answer 32

alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation