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Ocular Disease > Sympathetic Ophthalmia > Flashcards

Sympathetic Ophthalmia Flashcards

1
Q

Rare but devastating bilateral granulomatous uveitis that comes on 10 days to many years following a perforating eye injury

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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2
Q

Cause is unkown

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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3
Q

Probably related to hypersensitivity to some element of pigment bearing cells in the uvea

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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4
Q

The injured or exciting eye becomes inflamed first and the fellow eye secondarily

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of Sympathetic Ophthalmia

A

Photophobia
Redness
Blurred vision
Floaters
Diffuse uveitis with presence of exudates in the retina

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6
Q

Treatment of Sympathetic Ophthalmia

A

Enucleation of severed injured sightless eye within 10 days after injury

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7
Q

Typically follows penetrating trauma

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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8
Q

Bikateral granulomatous panuveits

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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9
Q

Granulomatous anterior uveitis

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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10
Q

Multifocal choroiditis

A

Sympathetic Ophthalmia

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11
Q

___ burns more common and worse than ___ burns

A

Alkali ; acid

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12
Q

saponification

A

Alkali

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13
Q

Denatures collagen, thromboses vessels

A

Alkali

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14
Q

Household cleaners, fertilizers, drain cleaners

A

Alkali

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15
Q

Coagulation

A

Acid

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16
Q

H+ precipitates protein- barrier

A

Acid

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17
Q

Industrial cleaners, batteries, vegetable preservatives

A

Acid

18
Q

All chemical injuries should be treated as ____

A

Ocular emergency

19
Q

Immediate ___ should be started at the site of injury before the patient is transported

A

tap water lavage

20
Q

dissociate into hydrogen ions and anions in the cornea

A

Acid

21
Q

The H molecule damages the ocular surface by altering the pH, while the anion causes protein denaturation, precipitation and coagulation

A

Acid

22
Q

Protein coagulation generally prevents deeper penetration or acids and is responsible for the ground glass appearance or the corneal stroma acid injury.

A

Acid

23
Q

examples of acid

A

Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acetic chromic acid
Glass polish
Vinegar

24
Q

Lipophilic, penetrate tissues more rapidly than acids

A

Alkali

25
Q

They saponify fatty acids of cell membranes, penetrate corneal stroma and destroy proteoglucan ground substance and collagen bundles

A

Alkali

26
Q

This interactions facilitate deeper penetration into the cornea and into the anterior segment

A

Alkali

27
Q

Alkali substance dissociate into a ___ and a cation in the ocular surface

A

Hydroxyl ion

28
Q

Saponifies cell membrane fatty acids

A

Hydroxyl ion

29
Q

Interacts with the stromal collagen and glycosaminoalgycans

A

Cation

30
Q

Subsequent hydration of glucosaminoglycans results in __

A

Stromal haze

31
Q

Causes fibril distortion and shortening leading to trabecular meashwork alterations that cause inc. IOP

A

Collagen hydration

32
Q

Alkaline chemicals contain

A

Ammonium hydroxide
K sodium magnesium calcium hydroxide

33
Q

Alkali rapidly penetrates through ocular tissues

A

Chemical reaction on ocular tissues

34
Q

Acids form a barrier of precipitated necrotic tissue that tends to limit further penetration and damage

A

Chemical reaction on ocular tissues

35
Q

Clear cornea
Limbal ischaemia- nil

A

Grade 1 excellent prognosis

36
Q

Cornea hazy but visible iris details
Limbal ischaemia < 1/3

A

Grade 2 good prognosis

37
Q

No iris details
Limbal ischaemia- 1/3 to 1/2

A

Grade 3 guarded prognosis

38
Q

Opaque cornea
Limbal ishchaemia > 1/2

A

Grade 4 very poor prognosis

39
Q

Initial treatment chemical burns

A

Immediate copious irrigation
Topical anesthesia (tetracaine)

40
Q

In the ER, irrigation of the ocular surfaces and conjunctival fornices should be done using __

A

Streile saline solution using IV tubing

Ocular Disease (4 decks)

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