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Ocular Disease > Orbital Infections And Inflammations > Flashcards

Orbital Infections And Inflammations Flashcards

1
Q

ORBITAL INFECTIONS AND
INFLAMMATIONS

A
  1. Orbital cellulitis
    2.Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease
    (IOID)
  2. Dacryoadenitis
  3. Orbital myositis
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2
Q

The most common cause of proptosis in children

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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3
Q

Most cases occur in children, but can be present in the aged and immunocompromised individuals

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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4
Q

Most cases arise from extension of sinusitis through the ethmoid bones

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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5
Q

Organisms commonly found in sinusitis: Haemophilus Influenza, Streptococci and staphylococci

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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6
Q

Infection behind orbital septum

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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7
Q

Usually secondary to ethmoiditis

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS

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8
Q

Presentation of ORBITAL CELLULITIS

A

Severe malaise, fever and orbital signs

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9
Q

Signs of ORBITAL CELLULITIS

A

Severe eyelid oedema and redness
Proptosis- most frequently lateral and down
Painful ophathalmoplegia
Optic nerve dysfunction if advanced

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10
Q

Complications of ORBITAL CELLULITIS

A

Rajsed intraocular pressure
Retinal vasculature occlusion
Optic neuropathy

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11
Q

the formation of blood clot within the cavernous sinus, (a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart)

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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12
Q

from a spreading infection in the nose, sinuses, ears, eyes or teeth

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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13
Q

dec. or loss of vision
– chemosis
–exophthalmos
– HA & paralysis of the cranial nerves

A

Symptoms of Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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14
Q

Symptoms of Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

dec. or loss of vision
– chemosis
–exophthalmos
– HA & paralysis of the cranial nerves

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15
Q

Pre-treatment of orbital cellulitis

A

Hospital admission
Systemic antibiotic therapy
Monitoring optic nerve function

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16
Q

Post-treatment of orbital cellulitis

A

Indications for surgery
1. Resistance to antibodies
2. Orbital or subperiosteal abscess
3. Optic neuropathy

17
Q

ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR

A

IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

18
Q

Uncommon disorder characterized by non-neoplastic & non-infectious, space occupying, orbital lesions

A

IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

19
Q

Presence of inflammatory process in any or all orbital structures

A

IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

20
Q

Unilateral disease is the rule in adults

A

IDIOPATHIC ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

21
Q

Non-neoplastic, non-infectious orbital lesion (pseudotumour)
• Involves any or all soft-tissue components
• Presentation - 20 to 50 years with abrupt painful onset

A

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease

22
Q

Usually unilateral
Preorbital swelling and chemosis, conjunctival inflammation
Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia

A

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease

23
Q

Early spontaneous remission without sequelae

A

Nil

24
Q

Prolonged intermittent activity with eventual remission

A

Treatment- steroids, radiotherapy, or cytotoxics

25
Q

refers to inflammation of the lacrimal gland and may be unilateral or bilateral

A

DACRYOADENITIS

26
Q

Occurs in 25% of patients with IOID
• Usually affects otherwise healthy individuals - no treatment required

A

Dacryoadenitis

27
Q

Presentation of dacryoadenitis

A

Acute discomfort over lacrimal gland

28
Q

Signs of dacryoadenitis

A

Oedema of lateral aspect of upper lid
Mild downward and inward globe displacement
Injection and tenderness of palp lobe of lacrimal gland
Reduction in tear secretion

29
Q

Inflammatory enlargement of lacrimal gland
Rapid onset
Unilateral severe pain redness and pressure
Supratemporal region

A

Dacryoadenitis

30
Q

Infectious obstruction or nasolacrimal duct
Rapid onset
Unilateral severe pain redness and epiphora (overflow of tears)
Inframedial region

A

Dacryocystitis

31
Q

Subtype of IOID
• Involvement of one or more extraocular muscles

A

Orbital myositis

32
Q

• Presentation of orbital myositis

A

sudden onset of pain on ocular movement

33
Q

Underaction of left lateral rectus
Worsening of pain on attempted left gaze
CT shows fusiform enlargement of left lateral rectus

A

Orbital myositis

34
Q

Signs of orbital cellulitis

A

Severe eyelid oedema and redness
Proptosis- lateral and down
Painful ophthalmoplegia
optic nerve dysfunction if advanced

35
Q

Most cases arise from extension of sinusitis through

A

Ethmoid bone

36
Q

Cause of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Spreading infection in the nose sinuses ears eyes or teeth

37
Q

Symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Decrease or loss of vision
Chemosis
Exophthalmos
Abnormality of the cranial nerve

38
Q

Signs of idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease

A

Unilateral
Periorbital swelling and chemosis, conjunctival inflammation
Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia

39
Q

Organisms found in sinusitis

A

Haemophilus Influenza, Streptococci and staphylococci

Ocular Disease (4 decks)

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