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Pharmacology 3 > Sympathetic Depressants > Flashcards

Sympathetic Depressants Flashcards

1
Q

Non-selective α & β agonists:

A

Adrenalin
Dopamine
Ephedrine
Amphetamine

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2
Q

α1 selective agonists:

A 
Phenylephrine
Methoxamine
Mephenteramine
Metaraminol
Oxymetazoline
Xylometazoline
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3
Q

α2 selective agonists:

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa
Guanfacine

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4
Q

β1 agonists:

A

Dobutamine

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5
Q

β2 agonists:

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Salmeterol
Formoterol

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6
Q

Non-selective α blockers:

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Ergotamine

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7
Q

α1 selective blockers:

A 
Prazosin
Terazosin
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
Doxazosin
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8
Q

α2 selective blockers:

A

Yohimbine

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9
Q

Non-selective β blockers:

A

Propranolol
Pindolol
Timolol

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10
Q

α & β blockers:

A

Labetalol

Carvedilol

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11
Q

β1 blockers:

A

Atenolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol

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12
Q

Adrenergic neuron blockers:

A

Reserpine
Guanethidine
Methyldopa
Bethanidine

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13
Q

Ganglionic blockers:

A

Trimetaphan

Mecamylamine

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14
Q

Side effects associated with interference in sympathetic neuron function:

A 
Postural hypotension (GGb)
Sedation or depression
Increase GI motility and diarrhea
Sexual dysfunction
Increase blood volume and Na retention
Nasal stuffiness
Extrapyramidal syndrome
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15
Q

α2 agonists have an ___ effect on sympathetic discharge from the ___ in the brainstem:

A

inhibitory; VMC

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16
Q

Adverse effects of α2 agonists:

A 
Drowsiness or sedation
Dry mouth (xerostomia)
Decrease in BP
Bradycardia
Rebound hypertension (acute withdrawal)
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17
Q

When given ___, postsynaptic α2 receptors result in a transient ___:

A

parenterally; rise in BP

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18
Q

These drugs block the antihypertensive effect of clonidine:

A

Tri-cyclic antidepressants

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19
Q

Guanfacine has ___ effects similar to Clonidine but is slower to enter the __:

A

hemodynamic; CNS

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20
Q

α2 agonists undergoing extensive 1st pass metabolism:

A

Methyldopa

Guanabenz

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21
Q

α2 agonist which gives a (+) Coombs test:

A

Methyldopa

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22
Q

α2 agonist that may activate imidazoline receptors:

A

Clonidine

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23
Q

Therapeutic uses of clonidine:

A 
HTN
Reduce diarrhea in diabetics
Treatment for withdrawal
Menopausal hot flashes
Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
24
Q

Usual half-life of α2 agonists:

A

6-24 hours

25
Q

Advantages of Guanfacine over Clonidine

A

More selective for α2 receptors
Adverse effects milder
Withdrawal symptom milder

26
Q

These drugs should never be given alone when treating α2 agonist withdrawal:

A

β-blockers

27
Q

Used in the treatment of ADHD in children 16-17:

A

Guanfacine

28
Q

Drugs causing extrapyramidal symptoms:

A

Methyldopa

Reserpine

29
Q

α2 agonist used for ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma:

A

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

30
Q

Glaucoma therapy drug the crosses the BBB and is more selective for α2:

A

Brimonidine

31
Q

Blockade of presynaptic α2 receptors leads to enhanced release of ___ and stimulation of ___ receptors and ____:

A

norepinephrine; postsynaptic β1; JG cells

32
Q

Blockade of α1 receptors inhibits vasoconstriction, leading to:

A 
Decreased blood pressure (orthostatic hypertension)
Fluid retention (RAA activation)
33
Q

Therapeutic uses of phenoxybenzamine:

A 
Pheochromocytoma
Reverse local anesthesia
Prevent dermal necrosis
Treat rebound hypertension
Sexual dysfunction
Peripheral vascular disease
34
Q

Phenoxybenzamine generally has a ___ onset and ___ duration:

A

slow (1 hr); long (12-14 hrs)

35
Q

Phenoxybenzamine exhibits a 100:1 selectivity for __ receptors vs. __ receptors:

A

α1; α2 SNS excitation and increased motor activity)

36
Q

CNS effects of phenoxybenzamine depend on:

A 
Slow IV administration (sedation, fatigue, nausea)
Rapid IV (SNS excitation and increased motor activity)
37
Q

α1a (uroselective) blockers:

A

Tamsulosin
Silodosin
Afluzosin

38
Q

Nonselective α1 blockers are more prone to:

A

1st dose effect

39
Q

Phentolamine has a ___ onset and ___ duration:

A

rapid (1 hr); short

40
Q

Contraindications of phentolamine:

A

Coronary Artery Disease

History of peptic ulcer

41
Q

Other receptors stimulated by phentolamine:

A

Muscarinic, H1, H2 (increased gastric acid secretion)

42
Q

Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine are both used to treat:

A

Pheochromocytoma

43
Q

Blockade of __ receptors are responsible for reflex tachycardia:

A

α2

44
Q

Therapeutic uses of Prazosin:

A

Mild to moderate HTN
Congestive heart failure
Impaired bladder emptying

45
Q

α1 blockers from longest to shortest half-life:

A

Terazosin (12) > Tamsulosin > Alfuzosin > Prazosin (2-3)

46
Q

α1a selection blockers exhibit no ___ and are metabolized by ___:

A

1st dose effect; CYP450

47
Q

α1 blockers with apoptotic effects on prostrate smooth muscle:

A

Terazosin

Doxazosin

48
Q

Ergot preparation with greatest α blocking property:

A

Ergotoxine

49
Q

Ergot preparation with highest selectivity for dopamine receptors

A

Cabergoline
Pergolide
Bromocriptine
(suppress prolactin)

50
Q

Ergot preparations with agonist effects at α receptors:

A

Ergotamine
Ergonovine
Methysergide

51
Q

Ergot derivatives with increased α blocking action:

A

Dihydro

52
Q

Ergot DOC in preventing postpartum bleeding:

A

Ergonovine

53
Q

Ergot alkaloids are combined with __ to facilitate absorption when used to treat ___:

A

Caffeine; migraines

54
Q

Ergot used for senile cerebral insufficiency:

A

Dihydroergotoxine

55
Q

Erogt used to treat parkinsonism:

A

Bromocriptine

56
Q

Depressants that will cause hypotension:

A 
Ganglionic blockers
Guanethidine
Methyldopa
Reserpine
Clonidine
Conventional α blockers

Pharmacology 3 (5 decks)

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