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!!!3MB > Syke > Flashcards

Syke Flashcards

1
Q

Most dangerous SEs of clozapine?

A

Agranulocytosis, neutropenia (atypical)

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2
Q

SEs of olanzapine?

A

weight gain, T2DM (atypical)

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3
Q

Carbamazepine SEs?

A

drowsiness, leucopaenia, diplopia, blurred vision, rash

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4
Q

Sodium valproate SEs?

A

VALPROATE (A-increased appetite and weight, L- liver failure, P-pancreatitis, R- reversible hair loss which grows back curly, O-oedema, A- ataxia, T- teratogenicity, tremor, thrombocytopaenia; E-encephalopathy, due to hyperammonaemia

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5
Q

MSE components

A 
Appearance and Behaviour 
Speech
Mood and Affect (including suicidality)
Thoughts (form and content) 
Perception 
Cognition 
Insight

ASEPTIC (e - emotion for mood and affect)

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6
Q

Depression - min duration, 3 core symptoms

A

2 weeks min,

low mood, anhedonia, anergia

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7
Q

Bipolar I diagnosis

A

Criteria for mania.

May have previous hypomania/depression

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8
Q

Bipolar II diagnosis

A

Hypomaniac episode and current/past depressive episode.

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9
Q

Appetitive/approach system - which substance and roughly where in brain?

A

DOPAMINE
Centre of the brain

[ascending dopamine systems – mesolimbic/cortical projection; ventral striatum; dorsal striatum (movement); amygdala (conditioning / learning); anterior cingulate (a7ention / conflict / response selection); orbitofrontal cortex (relative reward preference / rule learning)]

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10
Q

Aversive/defensive systems - substance and where in the brain?

A

SEROTONIN
Peripheries of the brain
[ascending serotonin systems; NA / CRF / peptide transmitters
central nucleus of amygdala; hippocampus; ventroanterior and medial hypothalamus; periaqueductal gray matter]

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11
Q

Examples of MAOI antidepressants?

A

Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine

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12
Q

Examples of RIMA antidepressants?

Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A

A

Moclebemide

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13
Q

Examples of TCAs?

A

Amitriptyline Clomipramine, Imipramine, Nortriptyline, Dosulepin

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14
Q

Examples of SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, (Es)Citalopram, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine

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15
Q

Examples of SNRIs?

A

Venlafaxine, Duloxetine

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16
Q

Example of NARI? (Nor-Adrenaline Reuptake inhibitors)

A

Reboxetine

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17
Q

SSRIs used for which conditions?

A 
depression, panic disorder, 
social anxiety disorder,	
PTSD, OCD, 
chronic pain, eating disorders, 
stroke recovery, premature ejaculation
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18
Q

TCAs - tricycling depressant - blocks which receptors?

A

Histamine, muscarinic ACh, adrenergic

all are post-synapse

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19
Q

SEs of TCAs?

A 
most anticholinergic:
Constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, cardiac function
Postural hypotension (cholinergic and adrenergic blockade causing failure of peripheral orthostatic reflexes)
20
Q

SEs of MAOIs?

A

Tyramine inactivated in the gut by MAO so gut stuff.
Hypertensive crises with tyramine-containing foods (cheese, yoghurt, yeast, meat, alcohol, broad beans, herring)
Sympathomimetics (OTC cold remedies).
Symptoms: flushing, headache, high BP, rarely CVA. Treat: alpha blockers

21
Q

Types (3) and examles of mood stabilisers

A
  • anti-convulsants (carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine)
  • atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine)
  • other: lithium carbonate (citrate), nimodipine (Ca channel antagonist)
22
Q

Anorexia vs bulimia

A

Anorexia - less than 17.5 BMI or 85% of expected weight (can still vomit then it’s binge-purge subtype)

23
Q

Anxiety - which brain part is responsible for emotional filter, seeing if a stimulus requires a fear/flee etc?
Which compounds increase in anxiety?

A

Amygdala

Cathecholamines and cortisol

24
Q

Panic attacks on PET scans - which region?

A

anterior pole of temporal lobe – parahippocampal gyrus

25
Q

PTSD - where in brain?

A

Limbic brain (amygdala - stores emotionally charged memories, hippocampus - locate memories) and medial prefrontal cortex (emotional and fear responses)

26
Q

Timeline for acute stress reaction, acute stress disorder and acute or chronic PTSD

A

acute stress reaction - up to 48 hrs
“ “ disorder - up to 4 weeks
PTSD - up to 3 months if acute. More - chronic

27
Q

Treatment for OCD

A

SSRI -> SSRI -> SSRI -> etc

Can add CBT and treat co-morbidities. Consider neurosurgery is still unresponsive

28
Q

Schneider’s first rank of psychotic symptoms

A

Auditory hallucinations, delusions of thought interference, delusions of control, (delusional perception)

29
Q

Rape-pill: name and class

A

Rohypnol, Benzodiazepine

30
Q

3 dopaminergic pathways and what they’re controlling

A

NIGROSTRATAL (extrapyramidal motor system)
MESOLIMBIC/CORTICAL (motivation and reward)
TUBEROINFUNDIBULAR (prolactin release)

31
Q

personality disorders - cluster A “odd and eccentric”

(2 types)

A

Paranoid (nie wierzy w wierność, bears grudges; JóCz)

Schizoid (lonely, without close friends; nowa Litw)

32
Q

Cluster B personality disorder “dramatic and emotional”

3

A

Antisocial (kłamstwo, łamanie prawa, bójki; ja)
Borderline (raz kogoś uwielbiasz, drugi raz nienawidzisz, boisz się straty, unstable image of self, impulsitivity, suicidal; stara Litw)
Histrionic (teatralny, centre of attention, physical appearance; Matt)

33
Q

Cluster C personality disorder “anxious and avoidant”

3 types

A

Avoidant (nie pójdę bo się wstydzę i nikt mnie nie polubi; Karo)
Dependant (inni niech podejmą za mnie decyzje; Zain)
Obsessive-Compulsive (zasady, pieniądze, praca, wysokie standardy; Franco)

34
Q

Emergency detention

A

Max 72 hrs
registered medical practitioner
can’t treat
no right to appeal

35
Q

Short term detention

A

max 28 days
can treat and can appeal
MHO consent needed
necessary to asses the patient what to give them or give them treatment

36
Q

Compulsory treatment order

A

Two medical reports
can appeal and treat
up to 6 months
hospital or community

37
Q

Learning disability - classification

A

Mild IQ – 50-69
Moderate 35-49
Severe 20-34 (almost always epilepsy)
Profound <20 (may be bed-bound)

38
Q

How to calculate units in alcohol?

A

units = (%*volume)/10

eg 0.4 (40% vodka) * 750 ml / 10 = 30

39
Q

Parts of brain (3) to do with memory

A

Amygdala, hippocampus (declarative learning) and striatum (habit learning).
More - neurobiology of cognition (10.21)

40
Q

neuropatholody of Alzheimer’s dis

A 
Amyloid plaques (breakdown of protein, beta)
Neurofibrillary tangles (TAU protein)
41
Q

Depletion of ACh in nucleus basalis of Meynert - which disease?

A

Alzheimer’s dementia

42
Q

Autism - name for normal intelligence but bad socially (A) and for no eye contact, very severe (B)?

Triad of symptoms?

A

A - Aspergers
B - Kanners

Sympt: socially, language, repetitive behaviour

43
Q

Side effects of main classes of antidepressants?

A

TCAs (amitriptylina) - anticholinergic SEs, eg dry mouth
SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine) - hyponatraemia
SNRIs (venlaflaxine) - n&v, dizzy, somnolence
MAOIs (phenelzine) - hypertensive crisis with amines

44
Q

Secure attachement: strangers?
reaction when parent leaves?
when they’re back?

A

child explores freely, happy with strangers when mum there
upset when leaving
happy when back

45
Q

Resistant attachement:
strangers?
when mum leaves?
when mum back?

A

explores little, wary of stranger always
upset when leaving
ambivalent on return

46
Q

Avoidant attachement:
strangers?
when mum leaves?
when mum back?

A

explores freely
may engage with a stranger (not dependent on parent)
little distress when leaving
little reaction when back

!!!3MB (6 decks)

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