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!!!3MB > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Test to monitor heparin

A

APTT

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2
Q

Test to monitor wardarin

A

INR

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3
Q

Reverse heparin (also LMWH)

A 
Stop heparin (half  life - 30 mins)
Protamine sulphate in severe bleeding (complete reversal for unfractionated, partial for LMWH)
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4
Q

How does heparin work?

A

Potentiates antithrombin

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5
Q

how does warfarin work?

A

Inhibition of vit K (2, 7, 9 and 10).

Also knocks out protein C and S (so will coagulate for the first few days)

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6
Q

Reverse warfarin

A

Do nothing -> omit a dose -> give vit K (takes 6 hours) -> give fresh frozen plasma or factor concentrates

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7
Q

What coumpounds are released by platelets that lead to aggregation?

A

ADP, thromboxane A2

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8
Q

How does aspirin work?

Side effects

A

Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase (which is necessary for thromboxane A2

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9
Q

Clopidogrel mechanism of action?

A

Blocks ADP receptor (so no aggregation). No problems with prostaglandins but higher risk of bleeding.

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10
Q

How long do platelets survive? (So how much earlier do you need to stop anti-platelets pre-op?)

A

7-10 days so 7 days.

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11
Q

Alcohol-induced pain in which disease?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

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12
Q

Nodular sclerosing and Reed-Sternberg cells?

A

Hodgkin’s lympoma.

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13
Q

Which disease produces blast crisis?

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

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14
Q

Which disease - Philadelphia chromosome?

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia.

chromosome results in BCR-ABL1 gene

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15
Q

Aquagenic pruritus? itch after bath - which disease?

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera.

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16
Q

JAK2 mutations? which disease

A

Polycythaemia rubra vera (also other myeloproliferative disorders).

17
Q

Leucoerythroblastic appearance - which disease?

A

Myelofibrosis (fibrosis of bone marrow) [also myeloma?]

18
Q

Teardrop shaped RBS in peripheral blood - which disease?

A

Myelofibrosis.

19
Q

Bence-Jones protein - which disease?

A

multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

20
Q

Lytic bone disease - associated with?

A

Multiple myeloma

21
Q

Which clotting factors are NOT produced in the liver?

A

vWF and VIII.

22
Q

RBC lifespan

A

120 days

23
Q

Neutrophils lifespan

A

7-8 hours

24
Q

Platelets lifespan

A

7-10 days

25
Q

fanconi’s anaemia - which mechanism?

Presentation?

A

Inherited marrow failure.
Presentation: Short stature, Skin pigment abnormalities Radial ray abnormalities, Hypogenitilia, Endocrinopathies
GI defects, Cardiovascular, Renal, Haematological

26
Q

fanconi’s anaemia - which mechanism?

Presentation?

A

Inherited marrow failure.
Presentation: Short stature, Skin pigment abnormalities Radial ray abnormalities, Hypogenitilia, Endocrinopathies
GI defects, Cardiovascular, Renal, Haematological

!!!3MB (6 decks)

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