Haematology Flashcards
Test to monitor heparin
APTT
Test to monitor wardarin
INR
Reverse heparin (also LMWH)
Stop heparin (half life - 30 mins) Protamine sulphate in severe bleeding (complete reversal for unfractionated, partial for LMWH)
How does heparin work?
Potentiates antithrombin
how does warfarin work?
Inhibition of vit K (2, 7, 9 and 10).
Also knocks out protein C and S (so will coagulate for the first few days)
Reverse warfarin
Do nothing -> omit a dose -> give vit K (takes 6 hours) -> give fresh frozen plasma or factor concentrates
What coumpounds are released by platelets that lead to aggregation?
ADP, thromboxane A2
How does aspirin work?
Side effects
Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase (which is necessary for thromboxane A2
Clopidogrel mechanism of action?
Blocks ADP receptor (so no aggregation). No problems with prostaglandins but higher risk of bleeding.
How long do platelets survive? (So how much earlier do you need to stop anti-platelets pre-op?)
7-10 days so 7 days.
Alcohol-induced pain in which disease?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Nodular sclerosing and Reed-Sternberg cells?
Hodgkin’s lympoma.
Which disease produces blast crisis?
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
Which disease - Philadelphia chromosome?
Chronic myeloid leukaemia.
chromosome results in BCR-ABL1 gene
Aquagenic pruritus? itch after bath - which disease?
Polycythaemia rubra vera.
JAK2 mutations? which disease
Polycythaemia rubra vera (also other myeloproliferative disorders).
Leucoerythroblastic appearance - which disease?
Myelofibrosis (fibrosis of bone marrow) [also myeloma?]
Teardrop shaped RBS in peripheral blood - which disease?
Myelofibrosis.
Bence-Jones protein - which disease?
multiple myeloma or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia
Lytic bone disease - associated with?
Multiple myeloma
Which clotting factors are NOT produced in the liver?
vWF and VIII.
RBC lifespan
120 days
Neutrophils lifespan
7-8 hours
Platelets lifespan
7-10 days
