SY3 - Locality

Question 0

What are the three related concepts that Shaw and McKay used to explain crime and deviance (zonal hypothesis)?

Answer 0

Social disorganisation. Cultural transmission. Differential association.

Question 1

Shaw and McKay (1942).

Answer 1

Described how cities like Chicago were divided into concentric ‘zones’, each having particular social/cultural characteristics. ‘Zone of transition’ is the area with the highest levels of crime - run down, population turnover, little social stability, etc.

Question 2

Sutherland (1948).

Answer 2

Developed ‘differential association’. People behaviour is conditioned by those around them. If those ‘others’ commit crime, they’re more likely to commit crime rather than conform.

Question 3

Felson and Clarke (1988).

Answer 3

No crime can occur without physical opportunities to carry it out.

Question 4

Brantingham and Brantingham (1995).

Answer 4

Urban areas have more crime generating and crime attracting opportunities - warehouses, large insecure car parks, etc.

Question 5

Marshall and Johnson (2005).

Answer 5

Rural areas are usually more ‘close knit’ with stronger social bonds.