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LASx Final > Sx conditions of the equine foot > Flashcards

Sx conditions of the equine foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for navicular syndrome?

A

Palmar heel pain

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2
Q

Changes in the bone and synovial structures with navicular syndrome are similar to what process?

A

Osteoarthritis

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3
Q

What ligaments develop lesions with navicular syndrome?

A

DDFT, collateral suspensory ligament, and impar ligament

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4
Q

What does the impar ligament connect?

A

The navicular bone to P3

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5
Q

Where do adhesions develop with navicular syndrome?

A

Between the DDFT and the navicular bone

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of forelimb lameness in the horse?

A

Navicular syndrome

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7
Q

You are presented with a quarter horse showing signs of bilateral lameness with a short, choppy stride. The lameness is exacerbated when on a hard surface and trotting in circles. With this breed of horse and description of lameness, what is your primary differential?

A

Navicular syndrome

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8
Q

What two breeds of horses are predisposed to navicular syndrome? What breed has a low prevalence of navicular syndrome?

A

QH and TB are predisposed. Arabians have a low prevalence.

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9
Q

What structure exerts the main force on the navicular bone in navicular syndrome?

A

The DDFT

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10
Q

What is the main contributor to navicular syndrome?

A

Poor conformation

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11
Q

What are the two types of poor conformation that cause navicular syndrome?

A

(1) long toe + under-run heels

(2) Small hoof/heavy body

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12
Q

T/F False negatives common with hoof testers in a horse with navicular syndrome

A

T

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13
Q

What are the 5 views you use in a horse you suspect has navicular syndrome?

A

DP, LM, sky view, DMPLO, and DLPMO

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14
Q

Why are there many false negatives with radiographs and navicular syndrome?

A

Because rads only detect mineralized tissues and not all horses will have radiographically detected changes

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15
Q

What are navicular syndrome lesions that can be detected by radiography?

A

(1) Flexor cortex erosion/cyst like lesions (lollipops)
(2) Loss of portico-medullar distinction due to medullar sclerosis
(3) Enthesiophytes
(4) . Mineralization of DDFT and/or collateral suspensory ligament

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16
Q

Which imagining modality has good soft tissue contrast and the best osseous detail?

A

CT

17
Q

What is the gold standard for imagining of navicular syndrome?

A

MRI

18
Q

What is the most common structure with navicular syndrome lesions detected by MRI?

A

Lesions of the DDFT

19
Q

What are the types of lesions on the DDFT that are detectable with MRI?

A

(1) dorsal fraying at the level of the navicular bone
(2) Sagittal splits
(3) Core lesions at P1 and P2

20
Q

What are the treatment options for navicular syndrome?

A

(1) corrective trimming/shoeing
(2) intra- synovial medications
(3) Firocoxib
(4) Bisphosphonates
(5) PD neurectomy
(6) Navicular bursoscopy

21
Q

What corrective trimming/shoeing is done on a horse with navicular syndrome?

A

(1) Square toe to ease break-over

(2) Raise heels with wedge to correct hoof pastern angles

22
Q

What shoe is preferred in horses with navicular syndrome and why?

A

Aluminum because they’re lighter and less concussive forces are transmitted to the foot

23
Q

What joints/structures can you inject intra-synovial medication and what is the preferred agent for navicular syndrome?

A

The DIPJ and/or the navicular bursa with triamcinolone

24
Q

T/F Repeatedly injecting triamcinolone into the DIPJ and/or the navicular bursa increases the duration and efficacy

A

F Repeat injections decreases in efficacy and duration

25
Q

What is the MOA for firocoxib?

A

Cox-2 selective

26
Q

Why is firocoxib a good anti-inflammatory to use on a horse with navicular syndrome?

A

It causes less adverse effects in the GI and the kidneys

27
Q

What is the MOA of bisphosphonates like Tildren and Osphos?

A

Reduces osteoclastic activity

28
Q

T/F Biphosphonates provide consistent results when treating navicular syndrome

A

F Excellent marketing, inconsistent results

29
Q

When is a PD neurectomy indicated and when is it contraindicated for treatment of navicular syndrome?

A

If the horse is responsive to a palmar distal nerve block its indicated. Its contraindicated if there is a pre-existing lesion in the DDFT or flexor cortex of the navicular bone

30
Q

Why is a PD neurectomy contraindicated in a horse with navicular syndrome if they have a lesion in the DDFT or flexor cortex of the navicular bone?

A

Because the horse won’t feel pain and can eventually rupture the DDFT due to overuse

31
Q

T/F Re-innveration never occurs with a PD neurectomy

A

F it can occur within 6 months

32
Q

What are the main indications for a navicular bursoscopy in a horse with navicular syndrome?

A

(1) adhesions between the navicular bone and the DDFT
(2) Dorsal fraying of the DDFT
(3) Navicular bursitis

33
Q

You’ve been treating a horse for laminitis and despite your best efforts, there has been progressive rotation of P3. What is the surgical treatment and what does it prevent?

A

DDF tenotomy. Prevents sole perforation

34
Q

What are the two indications for surgical treatment of laminitis?

A

(1) Progressive rotation of P3 despite conservative efforts

(2) To correct severe FLD that developed due to chronic laminitis

35
Q

What does a DDF tenotomy do to help with laminitis?

A

It reduces the pulling of the DDFT in a palmar/plantar direction

36
Q

What are the two approaches you can use for a DDF tenotomy, which is preferred and why?

A

(1) Mid metacarpus and mid pastern
(2) Mid metacarpus is the preferred approach because its easier, its associated with better outcomes, and it allows for a 2nd tenotomy at the level of the pastern if needed

37
Q

How can you asses the blood supply of an equine hoof?

A

A digital venography

LASx Final (3 decks)

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