Switching Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is microsegmentation?

A

One host, one collision domain.

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2
Q

What are the three actions that a switch can do with a frame?

A

Forward, filter or flood.

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3
Q

How is a MAC address table built?

A

With the source MAC addresses of incoming frames.

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4
Q

When will a switch flood a frame?

A

When the destination MAC address of a frame is not in the switch’s MAC address table.

Unkown unicast frames are always flooded.

Broadcast frames are always flooded.

Multicast frames are always flooded.

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5
Q

When will a switch forward a frame?

A

When the destination MAC address of a frame is in the switch’s MAC address table.

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6
Q

When will a switch filter a frame?

A

When the destination MAC address is located on the port that received the frame.

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7
Q

What is the default aging time of the MAC address table?

A

5 minutes.

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8
Q

Define the CAM table.

A

Content Addressable Memory table, AKA MAC address table.

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9
Q

Define the TCAM table.

A

Ternary Content Addressable Memory table. Used in L3 switches.

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10
Q

Define the SDM.

A

Switching database manager. Divides the switch’s resources based on tasks.

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11
Q

List the basic SDM templates.

A

Access (ACLs), default, Dual-ipv4-and-ipv6, Routing and VLAN.

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12
Q

Define FLPs.

A

Fast link pulses. When using auto negotiation, these determine speed and duplex.

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13
Q

Each VLAN is its own ___.

A

Broadcast domain.

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14
Q

Inter-VLAN traffic requires a ___.

A

Layer 3 device.

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15
Q

Define a VMPS.

A

VLAN membership policy server. Used for dynamic VLANs.

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16
Q

How do dynamic VLANs work?

A

The source address of a frame is matched against a VMPS database to determine the frame’s VLAN. Disables port security.

17
Q

Define a VVID.

A

Voice VLAN. A VLAN dedicated to moving voice traffic. Configured on a by-port basis.

18
Q

Explain how dot1p voice tagging works.

A

Voice traffic is granted high priority, and is sent through VLAN 0.

19
Q

Explain how dot1p voice tagging works.

A

Voice traffic is granted high priority, and is sent through VLAN 0.

20
Q

Explain how untagged voice tagging works.

A

Voice traffic is sent through the native VLAN.

21
Q

Briefly describe ISL.

A

Inter-Switch Link. Old-school Cisco proprietary. Tags every single frame, with both a header and trailer.

22
Q

Briefly describe 802.1q.

A

Dot1q. Standard tagging protocol. Puts a 4-byte tag inside of each frame. Allows native tagging.

23
Q

What is the MAC range for multicast frames?

A

0100.5e00.0000-0100.5e7f.ffff

24
Q

List the three PoE standards and their supported wattage.

A

802.3af (15.4) 802.3at - PoE+ (25.5) UPoE (60)

25
Q

Does ISL support untagged frames?

A

No.

26
Q

How many bytes does an ISL tag take?

A

Total of 30 bytes.

27
Q

How many bytes does a 802.1q encapsulation take?

A

Total of 4 bytes.

28
Q

ISL tagging allows for CRC. What is CRC?

A

Cyclic redundancy check. Allows the frame recipient to test the integrity of the frame based on an algorithm.

29
Q

The native VLAN is a VLAN designated to send ___ frames on a port-by-port basis.

A

Untagged.

30
Q

What happens if the native VLANs on two peer-to-peer trunks mismatch?

A

The ports will be blocked.

31
Q

When running “show int trunk”, what does the output “n-“ designate?

A

The encapsulation type (ISL or 802.1q) was auto-negotiated.

32
Q

What command can be used to show the status of a switchport mode trunk port that is not currently trunking?

A

Show interface ___ trunk

33
Q

How do you hard-code a port to not trunk?

A

Put it into access mode.

34
Q

Voice traffic should always be configured using a ___ & ___.

A

Trunk and VVID.