Switches and Routers Flashcards
A network switch is the central connection point for ____ plugging into the network.
devices
Which device is used to repeat and generate network signals?
hub
What does every network card have burned into it?
MAC address
What does ASIC stand for?
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
Cisco ______ combines multiple switches into one for ease of management.
stackwise
_______ is used to gain more ports across multiple switches.
daisy-chain
What does CAM stand for?
content accessible memory
What is a unicast address?
directed to one interface/device
Which device connects dissimilar networks?
router
What does IOS stand for?
internetwork operating system
Are routers software or hardware based?
software
Are ASICs software or hardware based?
hardware
Lower frequencies have a _____ range than high frequencies.
higher
What does WAP stand for?
wireless access point
What frequencies does WAPs broadcast on?
2.4 Ghz and 5 Ghz
How many channels exist on a 2.4 Ghz frequency?
11
How many clean channels does a 2.4 Ghz frequency have?
3 (1, 6, 11)
What is the purpose of a controller?
manage multiple WAP configurations
Which frequency provides more channels? 2.4 Ghz or 5 Ghz?
5 Ghz
True or False: A router can perform basic firewall functions.
True
True or False: A firewall can perform routing functions.
True
What is transparent mode on a firewall?
Firewall does not break up the network.
What is routed mode on a firewall?
Firewall divides the network
What is stateful filtering?
By default traffic is allowed to move from a higher security zone to a lower zone
On a scale of level 0 to level 100, which value has the highest level security?
100
True or False: A router allows by default and denies by exception.
True
True or False: A firewall allows by default and denies by exception.
False
True or False: A firewall denies everything by default and allows by exception.
True
What is an IPS?
intrusion prevention system
What are the two methods IPS detect intrusions?
anomaly based or signature based
Which areas of the network are bottleneck areas?
internet and WAN
What is the speed of a T1 line?
1.54 mbps
What is EtherChannel within Cisco?
grouping several Ethernet links to create one logical link
What is the benefit of EtherChannel within Cisco?
fault tolerance and high speed links
What does CSMA/CD stand for?
carrier sense multiple access / collision detection
True or False: WAPs possess CSMA/CD capabilities.
False
What do WAPs use in place of CSMA/CD?
CSMA/CA (collision avoidance)
A data transfer rate is measured at 100 Mbps. What does Mbps stand for?
Megabits per second
What is a MDF?
Main distribution facility?
What is an IDF?
Intermediate distribution facility
What is the purpose of a MDF?
central location where all cabling terminates
What is the effective distance of Ethernet?
100 meters
What is the difference between multimode and single mode fiber?
multimode transmits up to 500m
single mode fiber is used for longer distances
What does CAT3, CAT4, CAT5, CAT6, etc. refer to?
cable twists, tighter twists
What are UTP cables?
unshielded twisted pair cables (ethernet)
What are straight-through cables used for?
unlike devices
e. g. router to switch
e. g. NIC to switch
What does pin 1 connect to on a straight-through cable?
pin 3
What does pin 2 connect to on a straight-through cable?
pin 6
What does Auto MDIX provide for cables?
recognizes cable pin-outs and auto configures
What are crossover cables used for?
like devices
e. g. router to router
e. g. switch to switch
What are serial cables used for?
WAN, long distance
What are the three topologies for networks?
star, mesh, hybrid
Which topologies are setup for redundancy?
mesh, hybrid
What is unicast?
one to one
What is multicast?
one to many
What is broadcast?
one to all
What is anycast?
one to closest, nearest
What stream mode does MOH (music on hold) use?
multicast
When imaging multiple devices, what stream mode is used (preferably)?
multicast
What does DHCP stand for?
dynamic host configuration protocol
What is the function of DHCP?
dynamically assign IP addresses
What does ARP stand for?
address resolution protocol
What is the function of ARP?
resolves IP addresses into MAC addresses
Which internet protocol uses anycast?
IPv6
When are broadcast messages used?
ARP, DHCP, RIP
Used to gather or distribute information
How many hosts can you have with a Class C address?
254 hosts
What is used to translate a name into an IP address?
DNS
What is RFC1918?
private IPv4 address spaces
What is NAT?
network address translation
translates private IP to public IP
If an address falls under 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255, what class is it?
private IPv4
If an address falls under 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255, what class is it?
private IPv4
If an address falls under 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, what class is it?
private IPv4
What is the default time on an ARP cache?
5 minutes
Within a packet, the destination MAC address is usually associated to which device?
router (default gateway)
True or False: IP addresses and MAC addresses are required to send packets.
True
A computer generates an HTTP request to CBTNuggets.com. When going through the encapsulation process, what is added closest to the originating HTTP GET message from the computer?
source and destination IP address
When a computer doesn’t know the MAC address of its default gateway, what does it do to find out?
send ARP message
What does the router do when it receives a packet destined for another network?
replaces source and destination MAC address
Between TCP and UDP, which is a reliable connection?
TCP
What protocol does ping work over?
ICMP (internet control message protocol)
What are the steps of the TCP three-way handshake?
SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK
Which transmission protocol is associated with real-time transfers?
UDP
Which transmission protocol is session based?
TCP
What is TCP sliding window?
adjustment of data sent before it is acknowledged from sender and receiver
What does the command nslookup do?
verify DNS records
What are two useful reasons for using Telnet?
device management and to verify open ports
What is the access layer of the Cisco model?
where devices connect to switches
What is the distribution layer of the Cisco model?
redundancy for the access layer
What is the core layer of the Cisco model?
connect multiple distribution layers
Which layer in the three-tiered Cisco model provides connectivity to all access-layer switches?
distribution
What is the most common model in the Hierarchical Network Design?
access layer
What is the most common model in the Hierarchical Network Design?
collapsed core model
What is unique about the design of the collapsed core network model?
the distribution and core layer are implemented by a single device
What three layers refer to as the “computer layers” that are typically not inspected or modified by network devices?
session, presentation, application
What does the command netstat do?
display all active connections
What layer is the FCS/CRC added?
layer 2 (data link)
Which UDP port is used by DNS services?
53
Every IOS version is platform-specific. True or false?
True
To assist in controlling Cisco devices, the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) command line is _____ sensitive.
context
What are the three ways you can access the command line in IOS?
console port, telnet, SSH
What program can you use to create scripts for command line?
notepad
What application can you use to view what COM port is used?
device manager
The pinouts for the console cable are _______.
rolled
What are the default values for serial line?
9600 8N1 N
What does 9600 8N1 N refer to?
speed(baud), data bits, stop bits, parity(flow control)
Which symbol is an easy way to identify that you are in user mode?
>
What symbol identifies that you are in privilege mode?
#
What type of notification message is displayed when you do not have a configuration saved on your Cisco device?
syslog message
What command is used to enter console mode?
line console 0
What command is used to enter privilege mode?
enable
What command is used to enter global configuration mode?
configuration terminal
What command can be used to move from a high level to a lower level? (config to enable mode)
exit
What command can be used to move directly back to privilege mode?
end or ctrl+z
What command can be used to view interfaces?
show ip interface
show ip interface brief
When you are under line console 0 or line vty 0 15, what does the logging synchronous command do?
It will move your config prompt to the next line when a system message is displayed
What does the command no ip domain-lookup do?
Prevents domain lookup for IOS input
What command can be used to view saved configurations?
show flash
What command can be used to view configurations stored on RAM?
show running-config
show run
What command can be used to view configurations stored on NVRAM?
show startup-config
show start
What command will save your current configuration to startup?
copy running-config startup-config
copy run start
What command will erase the NVRAM or reset to factory settings?
write erase
How do you erase the running config?
reboot the device
What command can be used to save your current configuration to a tftp server?
copy running-config tftp
What command can be used to assign an ip address?
ip address (ip address) (subnet mask)
What command can be used to set ip address to dhcp?
ip address dhcp
What command can be used to encrypt passwords?
service password-encryption
What command can be used to hash passwords?
secret
When logging in with console or Telnet, what is the banner sequence?
MOTD, login, user login, exec
When logging in with SSH, what is the banner sequence?
login, user login, MOTD, exec
Under which file name is all VLAN information stored?
vlan.dat
If a device displays, “Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog?” what can you assume about the device?
NVRAM is cleared
Where do you assign the IP address on a switch for telnet or SSH?
vlan1
What command will generate the RSA encryption keys needed for SSH and HTTPS device management?
crypto key generate rsa
If you change the domain name of a Cisco device after the RSA has been generated, the encryption will not be affected. True or false?
False
Which command will configure all SSH and Telnet ports at the same time?
line vty 0 4
Within a switch interface, if the status of an interface is down, this indicates that there may be an issue with what layer?
layer 1, physical
Within a switch interface, if the protocol of an interface is down, this indicates that there may be an issue with what layer?
layer 2, data link
For the switch interface FastEthernet 0/0/0, what does Fast Ethernet refer to?
Type
For the switch interface FastEthernet 0/0/0, what does 0/0/0 refer to?
blade/module/port
What type of cable allows you to stack switches together to act as one?
stackwise cable
What is the command to prevent your device from looking up mistyped privileged mode commands via DNS?
no ip domain-lookup
