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Swine > swine Lab Practical > Flashcards

swine Lab Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Rattle paddle

A

Hit on rump or shoulder, has noise

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2
Q

Snare

A

Way to immobilize the pig
Use to check individual pigs
Place inside mouth of pig past the teeth and tightened onto snout

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3
Q

Rattle jug

A

Makes noise
Pigs move away from it

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4
Q

Flight zone

A

Area pig is comfortable having a person around, when flight zone is entered pig will move

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5
Q

Blind spot

A

Area of pig where they cannot see you, you could startle the pig

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6
Q

Point of balance

A

Area across pigs shoulders and when approached from behind, the pig moves forward
If approached from the front, the pig will move backward
A way to steer the pig

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7
Q

Pig hurdle

A

Used to block an area where pig should not go, it will be in pigs flight zone so it will move away from it

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8
Q

Slap stick

A

Flexible syringe
Gives extended injection
Shoulder is preferred location

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9
Q

Ham injection

A

Can sneak up to give, lowers quality
Won’t stay in herd long so its okay

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10
Q

Boar exposure

A

“Boer effect”
Stimulates release of GnRH, jumpstart cycling
Run boar outside pen twice a day
70-80% of gilts show estrus twice a day in 28 days
Also works with weaned sows

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11
Q

Pre-pubertal gilts

A

PG600-> jumpstart LH and FSH
Injection of ECG and hCG
80% of gilts show estrus 5-10 days after injection

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12
Q

Cycling females

A

Matrix- oral progesterone
Feed for 14 days
80-90% of mature sows and gilts display estrus 4-9 days after removal
Very expensive, 6.8mL/pig/ day

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13
Q

Group weaning

A

Wean all piglets at once
Removes inhibition on GnRH
90% of weaned sows display estrus within 10 days after removal

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14
Q

Standing heat

A

Vulva swells and reddens (day before or so)
Attempt to mount other pigs
In heat for 2-3 days and ovulate 12 hours before end of standing heat
Breed 12 hours after first heat detection and every 12 hours until no longer stands
Use boar by pen to see sow responses
Use spray that mimic boar effect

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15
Q

Visual appraisal for replacement gilts

A

Feet and leg soundness- important, spend most of time checking
Underline soundness
External genitalia
Growth
Backfat

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16
Q

Feet

A

The larger the better
Large toe size
No cracked hooves or foot pad abrasions
Toe sizes should not differ by more than 1/2 inch

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17
Q

Front leg

A

Do not want straight fronted or upright, walk like no elbows
Do not want tipped too far over
Cull buck kneed- difficult time walking and getting up and down
Soft and weak Pasterns preferred, + impacts longevity

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18
Q

Rear leg

A

Do not want straight or upright
Do not want gilt/ sow to appear steep/ high topped
Do not want them to appear to be walking on tiptoes/ stiff-legged
Avoid sickle hock
Normal= slightly behind line

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19
Q

Feet and legs

A

Want good base width, hip and base width equal

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20
Q

Splay footed

A

Toes point outward

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21
Q

Pigeon toed

A

Toes pointed inward

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22
Q

Cow hocked

A

Hocks almost touching
Could give narrow base

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23
Q

Underline soundness

A

Screen at birth,weaning, and selection
6 functional nipples each side with adequate spacing= good
>7 function nipples each side with adequate spacing= excellent

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24
Q

External genitalia

A

Vulva
Avoid/ cull gilts with small vulva, could have difficulty getting bred or during farrowing
Avoid/ cull gilts with tipped up vulva, could lead to higher incidence of metritis and cystitis

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25
Q

Replacement gilt growth

A

Should be in the fastest growing 50% of group
Growth= weight= sooner onset of puberty= bred earlier

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26
Q

Backfat of replacement gilts

A

Level of Backfat is farm specific and may change due to genetics, environment, and end market
Evaluate using genetics, ultrasound, BCS

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27
Q

Semen evaluation

A

Good quality boar semen essential to obtain satisfactory fertility rates
Appearance= milky to creamy consistency
Color= gray to white
Total sperm numbers= >15 x 10^9
Gross motility= >70%
Abnormal morphology= <20%
Cytoplasmic droplets= <15%

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28
Q

Most common sperm abnormalities

A

Coiled tail and double tail

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29
Q

What does it mean when you have a large percent of sperm in an ejaculate that have cytoplasmic droplet attached to them? How would you fix this problem fix you owned the boar

A

A large percent of cytoplasmic droplets attached to the sperm shows that the boar is being overused and the sperm doesn’t have enough time to completely develop. This can be fixed by ejaculating him less to by getting new, younger boar

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30
Q

Uterus

A

Site for sperm to reach oviduct

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31
Q

Ovary

A

Produce progesterone and estrogen

32
Q

Cervix

A

Where insemination takes place

33
Q

Vagina

A

Passageway for piglets at birth

34
Q

Oviduct

A

Site of fertilization

35
Q

Spirette

A

Most common
Counterclockwise to insert, clockwise to remove

36
Q

Foam catheter

A

Push until pops in, then pull out

37
Q

Gilt catheter

A

More narrow tip, easier for smaller tract
Push and lock in

38
Q

PCAI (post cervial) catheter

A

Slide catheter though to get further in for increases success

39
Q

OvuGel

A

GnRH agonist
Stimulates release of LH
Induces ovulation 40-48 hours after treatment
Labeled for weaned sows

40
Q

Typical swine diets

A

Most components are grain (can have more concentrates b/c nonruminant stomach)
Mineral and vitamin supplements
Eat little roughage

41
Q

Energy

A

Carbs
-corn
-barley
-sorghum
-wheat
-cotton
-oats
Can use multiple mixed

42
Q

Corn

A

High in starch= high digest ability
Low in fiber
High palatability
7-9% protein (low)
Should be fed as ground corn

43
Q

Protein

A

Soybeans
Fish meal
Blood meal
Peanut meal
Canola meal
Dried milk/ milk replacer

44
Q

Soybean

A

Soybean meal
-ground residue remaining after oil removed
High palatability
41-50%
Meets EAA requirement

45
Q

DDGs

A

Distiller dried grains w/ solubles
Ethanol removed via fermentation w/ yeast using condensation
Dry at least 75% of resultant
Energy value similar to corn
Higher protein than corn

46
Q

Dicalcium phosphate

A

Gray granular rocks
Calciu + phosphorous
Structural development and bone strength

47
Q

Copper sulfate

A

Blue and crystal
Growth and development
Increase growth performance of nursery pigs

48
Q

Nursery temperatures

A

Sow need it cool (65 F) and piglets need it hot (85 F)
Accomplished through zone heating, room temp set at what sow needs and piglets get supplemental heat in form of heat lamb or heat pad (should be placed to sides and behind sow)

49
Q

Piglet processing

A

Needle teeth clipping- do to reduce pigs cutting up sow udder
Tail docking- do to reduce tail biting, dock one inch away from end
Iron injection- prevents anemia in pigs (one 200 mg injection or 2 100 mg injection) insert into neck
Piglet identification- ear notching
Castration- uncastrated males at slaughter have boar taint, do at 4-14 days old

50
Q

Litter #

A

Right ear

51
Q

Individual #

A

Left ear

52
Q

Market hog evaluation

A

Muscle
Leanness
Growth
Volume
Soundness

53
Q

Carcass merit

A

Endpoint of animal is based upon this
Based on animal/ carcass weight, quality of lean, and quantity of lean

54
Q

Ultrasound placement

A

Over the 10th rib is best
-also find last rib and elbow pocket and probe halfway through

55
Q

Boston butt

A

8% of carcass

56
Q

Loin

A

18% of carcass

57
Q

Ham

A

24% of carcass

58
Q

Belly

A

19% of carcass

59
Q

Picnic

A

9% of carcass

60
Q

Dressing percentage

A

Hot carcass/ live weight x100
Decreases: mud/ manure on skin, gut fail, abscesses and excessive bruising
Increases:empty digestive, excessively fat animals
72% is avg

61
Q

Cooler shrink

A

Fresh meat 70-75% water making it susceptible to evaporative cooling loss in first 24 hours
Lose 3-5% typically

62
Q

Carcass lean yield

A

Estimated lbs of lean= 2+ (hot carcass weigh x .45) + (LEA x5) - (fat depth x 11)
Estimated % lean= estimated lbs lean/ hot carcass x100

63
Q

Weaning

A

Wean entire farrowing room s close to avg 21 days as possible
-spread out over all pens or just 4 leaving one for pigs with complications
Sort based on weight

64
Q

7-8 weeks prio to breeding (NEW GILTS ONLY)

A

5 cc parvovirus shield L5E (PPV)
2 cc Ingelvac PRRS-MLV

65
Q

4 weeks prior to breeding (all)

A

5 cc Parvovirus shield L5E, pink bottle, IM
2 cc Ingelvac PRRS-MLV IM

66
Q

2 week prior to breeding (new gilts only)

A

Ivermectin dewormer

67
Q

4 weeks prior to farrowing

A

2 cc Litterguard LT-C

68
Q

2 weeks prior to farrowing

A

2 cc Litterguard LT-C
Ivermectin

69
Q

At birth

A

Rub in dual dry (head to tail)
Helps to keep them dry

70
Q

Day 1 protocol

A

Earnothc
Tail dock
0.2 cc Excede (broad plectrum antibiotic)
200 mg iron (IM neck)

71
Q

Day 7 vaccines

A

1 cc Rhini Sheild TX4 -> respiratory combo vaccine to cover strophic rhinitis, pneumonia, and erysipelas

72
Q

Day 14 vaccines

A

0.5 cc excede (broad spectrum antibotic)

73
Q

Weaning vaccines

A

2 cc Circumvent PCV-M G2
1 cc Rhinishield TX4
Administer dose of PCV2 and mycoplasma vaccine

74
Q

7 days after entering nursery

A

2 cc swine flu

75
Q

In farrowing pen

A

Dry floors with potato starch after each wash
Dual dry on heat mats first 3 days

76
Q

Preparing healthy sow/ gilt

A

MLV vaccine for PRRS, all females get booster one month out of breeding (better safe than sorry)
Vaccinate for common repro-based diseases; PPV, lepto, erysipelas
Gilts given anthelmintics prior to breeding and again prior to farrowing
Sows on annual anthelmintic protocol, dose prior to farrowing (dewormers)
-should be broad spectrum and include protection against mange, scabies, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and strongyloidasis

Swine (3 decks)

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