Swine Infectious Disease Flashcards
Hemophilus parasuis
• H. parasuis more commonly causes _______, _________ and _______ which leads to _______ in weaned pigs
• _______ clinical signs are uncommon in weaned pigs with Glasser’s disease
Hemophilus parasuis
• H. parasuis more commonly causes polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis Glasser’s disease in weaned pigs
• Neurological clinical signs are uncommon in weaned pigs with Glasser’s disease
Fibrinous polyserositis
• In suckling pigs ______ is the most common cause and _____ is a sporadic cause when there is inadequate intake of colostrum.
• In weaned pigs differentials include ______, ______, and _______.
- Although all 3 can cause meningitis in weaned pigs, clinical CNS disease is usually a consistent feature in only ________ infections
Fibrinous polyserositis
• In suckling pigs Strep. suis is the most common cause and E. coli is a sporadic cause when there is inadequate intake of colostrum.
• In weaned pigs differentials include Glasser’s disease, Strep. suis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis.
- Although all 3 can cause meningitis in weaned pigs, clinical CNS disease is usually a consistent feature in only Strep. suis infections
Streptococcus suis
• Common age for disease
• Common lesion, mortality?
• When fibrinous polyserositis predominates, S. suis septicemia is difficult to distinguish from _________
• In general the amount of ____ and the severity of the _______ are greater with Glasser’s disease than with Strep. suis septicemia
• __________ predisposes to S. suis induced septicemic diseases
Streptococcus suis
• Disease is most common in suckling and recently weaned pigs, but can occur in any age
• Fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis causing CNS and high mortality is common
• When fibrinous polyserositis predominates, S. suis septicemia is difficult to distinguish from Glasser’s disease
• In general the amount of fibrin and the severity of the peritonitis are greater with Glasser’s disease than with Strep. suit septicemia
• Acute PRRSV predisposes to S. suis induced septicemic diseases
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae • ages • Mortality is highest and lesions most extensive in what age group • common name • Can cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in sows • zoonotic?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
• E. rhusiopathiae causes disease in all ages
• Mortality is highest and lesions most extensive in
suckling and recently weaned pigs
• Diamond skin disease (thrombosis of cutaneous blood vessels)
• Can cause abortion in sows
• The bacterium has zoonotic potential and may cause endocarditis in humans
Actinobacillus suis
• Causes sporadic outbreaks of ________ in _____ ages of pigs
• In suckling and recently weaned pigs most present as __________
• clinical signs (2)
• Lesions in all ages are the consequence of ______________
Actinobacillus suis
• Causes sporadic outbreaks of fulminant septicemia in all ages of pigs
• In suckling and recently weaned pigs most present as acute death
• clinical signs: fever and multifocal cutaneous hemorrhages
• Lesions in all ages are the consequence of septicemia with
septic embolism
Actinobacillus suis
• Gross Lesions
Actinobacillus suis
• Petechial hemorrhages are diffusely distributed on the serosal surfaces and a wide variety of organs including lungs, kidney, spleen and skin (resembles erysipelas), necrohemorrhagic pneumonia and serofibrinous pericarditis, pleuritis and peritonitis
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
• Commonly is a ________ (2)
• cause what type of infection?
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
• Common isolate from swine, common opportunistic secondary pulmonary pathogen
• localized purulent infection
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
• cause?
• Characteristic lesions include
• Kidney lesion
- What type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
• Precise cause is unknown
• Characteristic lesions include large hemorrhagic cutaneous infarcts mainly located on the perineal area and hind limbs
• Kidney - necrotizing and fibrinous glomerulonephrtitis and systemic necrotizing vasculitis (with thrombosis)
- type III
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
- gross lesions (2)
- PRRSV causes what that can lead to and increased susceptibility to what infections?
- lungs (consolidation) and lymph node enlargement
- decreased phagocytic activity of pulmonary intravascular macrophages –> increased susceptibility to Strep. suit and S. choleraesuis infections
Post weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
- associated with what virus?
- characteristic lesion
- diagnosis requires what 3 things?
- virus concentration is highest in the ____
- porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)
- granulomatous lymphadenitis (any internal organ) +/- globular intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies
- clinical wasting, histological lesions, and PCV2 in lesions
- heart
Ddx pig diarrhea without blood (7)
- colibacillosis
- clostridium perfringens type A
- coccidiosis
- viral enteritis
- proliferative enteritis
- whipworms
- intestinal spirochetosis
Ddx pig diarrhea with blood (5)
- clostridium perfringens type A
- salmonellosis
- hemorrhagic enteritis
- swine dysentery
- whipworms
Colibacillosis
- EPEC:
- age
- MOA
- attaching and effacing E. coli
- 1-6 wks
- colonize and cause degeneration of villous enterocytes
Colibacillosis
- ETEC:
- age
- MOA
- hemolytic or non-hemolytic, small intestine only
- suckling and weaned pigs
- colonize brush border
Edema disease
- ETEC secretes _____ which leads to _______
- gross lesions:
-
- shiga-like toxin II –> fluid loss and edema
- brain stem lesions, palpebral edema, edema of the gastric and ball bladder mucosa, mesentery, and mesocolon
Clostridium perfringens Type C
- age
- common place for lesions
- 3 common lesions
- 1-4 days
- small intestine
- bloody diarrhea, necrohemorrhagic enteritis, subserosal emphysema
Clostridium perfringens Type A
- age
- morbidity/mortality?
- lesion
- 1-4 days
- high morbidity, low mortality
- mesocolon edema
Clostridium difficile
- age
- clinical signs
- lesions
- 1-14 days
- ascites, subcutaneous edema
- diffuse mesocolonic edema, erosive colitis, fibrinosuppurative exudation
Salmonella choleraesuis
- age
- phagocytosed by _________
- colonize:
- acute form causes:
- chronic form causes:
- weaner and growing pigs
- M cells in Payers patches
- SI, colon, mesenteric LN, Gall bladder
- fibrinonecrotic ileocolitis
- necrosis/ulceration of cecum and colon: button ulcers
Coccidiosis • organism • age • lesion • Diagnosis
Coccidiosis
• Isospora suis : obligate intracellular pathogen
• 5-7 days of age
• Fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous enteritis (no hemorrhages)
• Oocysts: demonstrable in feces
Differential diagnoses for atrophic enteritis in pigs (4)
- TGE (coronavirus)
- Rotavirus (A, C, B)
- Coccidiosis (Isospora suis)
- Less likely differentials include: chlamydiophila, adenovirus, astrovirus, parvovirus
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE, coronavirus)
• Causes
• lesions
• lesion severity compared to rotavirus?
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE, coronavirus)
• Causes apoptosis of infected and bystander cells
• Severe villous atrophy and fusion with diarrhea, cachexia and dehydration
• More severe lesions than rotavirus
Group A Rotavirus
• age
• Affects:
• what type of diarrhea
Group A Rotavirus
• first 7 weeks of life
• Affects the tips of villi loss of epithelium,
• Yellow-watery diarrhea with dehydration
Porcine Proliferative Enteritis • infective organism • age • Synonymous with (3) • lesions (3)
Porcine Proliferative Enteritis
• Lawsonia intracellularis
• Older than 4 weeks, post-weaning disease
• Synonymous with porcine intestinal adenomatosis, proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy and necrotic ileitis
• Diffuse proliferative enteritis to fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis
• Hemorrhagic, proliferative typhlitis with intraluminal casts
Brachyspira (Serpulina) spp.
• Strongly β hemolytic - B. hyzdysenteriae also know as :
• Weakly β-hemolytic – B. pilosicoli- also know as:
• age
• lesion
• diarrhea type
• Bacteria colonize the surface of the colonic mucosa creating:
Brachyspira (Serpulina) spp. • (swine dysentery) • (intestinal spirochetosis) • Weaned (8-14 weeks) to adult pigs • Mucohemorrhagic colitis/typhlitis with occasional fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranes • ‘Wet-cement-like’ stool • Bacteria colonize the surface of the colonic mucosa creating a ‘false brush border’ of mats of serpentine spirochetes in the crypts
pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease)
- caused by what virus
- transported via
- porcine herpesvirus 1
- nerves to the brain
Classical swine fever (hog cholera)
- acute virulent form:
- lesions:
- subacute form:
- reproductive form:
- foreign?
Acute virulent form: pigs are pyrexic with cutaneous cyanosis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, constipation followed by severe diarrhea (cholera), convulsions and death
• Lesions: peripheral hemorrhage of lymph nodes, generalized vasculitis, tonsillar necrosis, splenic infarcts, serosal/pleural hemorrhages and petechiations, button ulcers in the colon, immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
• Subacute form: pyrexia, diarrhea, low mortality and few gross lesions
• Reproductive form: mummified, stillborn and weakborn pigs, congenital tremors, cerebellar hypo-aplasia, limb deformities, arthrogryposis
- exotic to North america
African swine fever
• Acute form:
• Chronic form:
• foreign?
African swine fever
• Acute form: high fever, terminal bloody diarrhea and
death
• Chronic form: lymphoid hyperplasia, fibrous pleuritis and pericarditis, and pneumonia
• Exotic to North America
Foot and mouth disease
- lesions
- Vesicles on the planum nasale, oral cavity, coronary bands with sloughing of hooves
- Viral myocarditis
Atrophic Rhinitis – infectious agent • Toxin causes: • \_\_\_\_\_\_ may play a role in disease induction • 2 lesions
Atrophic Rhinitis
– Either Pasteurella multocida, Bordatella
• Toxin causes bony lysis in the nasal turbinates and physes of long bones by inhibiting osteoblasts, inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and stimulating osteoclasts
• Trauma may play a role in disease induction
• Nasal turbinate atrophy and nasal septal deviation
Melanosis
- lesion
- congenital lesion, incidental finding
Swine influenza
- mainly detected in:
- most common subtype in USA
- gross diagnosis
- gross lesion
- commonly complicated by concurrent infection with:
- bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells
- H1N1
- catarrhal and mucopurulent pneumonia; ddx
- necrotizing bronchiolitis “checkerboard pattern” with diffuse INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA with lobular atelectasis
- P. multocida
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
• also known as
• why so important?
• Causes (3)
• Gross lesions mostly affect __________ lobes, while more extensive lesions involve 50% or more of the ________ regions
• Affected lung has a ______ color in the acute stages that becomes ______ appearance in chronic cases
• long term sequela (2 things)
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
• ‘Enzootic pneumonia’ (EP)
• Highly contagious and single most economically important
swine respiratory disease
• Causes a mucopurulent bronchopneumonia, abscessation with fibrinous pleuritic, ciliostasis
• Gross lesions mostly affect portions of the cranial and accessory lobes, while more extensive lesions involve 50% or more of the cranio-ventral regions
• Affected lung has a dark red color in the acute stages that becomes pale-grey (fish-flesh) appearance in chronic cases
• Abscesses and pleural fibrosis are long term sequela
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae • Age • Causes • Distribution in lungs? • Recovered pigs sequelae (2)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
• Most impact in 2 to 5 months-of-age pigs, also associated with otitis media and interna in weaned piglets
• Responsible for both acute and chronic pneumonia and is characterized by a severe, often fatal fibrinous bronchopneumonia with areas of coagulative necrosis
• Distribution tends to be dorsal (hilar) but may be unilateral; right lung more commonly affected
• Recovered pigs become carriers and have ‘sequestra’ of necrotic parenchyma and large abscesses
Tuberculosis
• infectious agent
• lesion
- important concern with this disease
• Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
• Granulomas in lymph node, intestine, liver, spleen, and rarely in the lung
- zoonotic
Porcine Respiratory
Coronavirus
• Gross diagnosis
Porcine Respiratory
Coronavirus
• Bronchio-interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis
- Lungworms (3)
- can transmit?
- adult worms see in?
Ascaris Suum migration larvae causes:
Metastrongylus apri, Metastrongylus salmi Metastrongylus pudendotectus
• Can transmit influenza virus
• Adult worm seen in the bronchi
Ascaris suum migration larvae: edema and sub pleural hemorrhages + interstitial inflammation (equivalent to the mild spots).
Dermatosis vegetans • why do pigs have this? • All carriers originated from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ • lesions • Associated with (2)
Dermatosis vegetans
• Autosomal recessive
• All carriers originated from 1 Danish landrace
• Thick horny, papillomatous black crusts
• Associated with fatal giant cell pneumonia and hoof malformation
Swine pox (suipoxvirus)
• Distribution follows:
• lesion
Swine pox (suipoxvirus) • Distribution follows lice (Hematopinus suis)
habitat
• Multifocal proliferative to pustular dermatitis (pox)
• Pox lesions may have central necrosis with a proliferative margin forming a halo
Greasy pig disease
• infectious agent
• common lesion
• Lesions may be predisposed by (3)
Greasy pig disease
• Staphylococcus hyicus
• Focal or diffuse exudative (scaly) epidermatis = erosion of the stratum corneum dehydration
• Lesions may be predisposed by poor nutrition and poor flooring or trauma resulting from bite injuries caused by failure to remove “milk or needle” teeth
Mange
• infective agent
- where does it infect
• lesions
Mange
• Sarcoptes scabei var. suis
- burrow tunnels in the stratum corneum
• Hyperkeratotic dermatitis with crusts and excoriations, chronic lesions are lichenified and hairless
Zinc Deficiency
- lesion
- DDX
- parakeratosis
- chronic solar dermatosis (sunburn)
Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis • also known as (2) • age • common breed • treatment • Lesions commonly found on • Lesion description
Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis
• A.K.A. pityriasis rosea, pseudoringworm
• Usually weanlings 3-14 weeks-of-age
• Landrace
• Non-contagious and self limiting and can resolve spontaneously in 2-10 weeks
• Lesions on the ventral abdomen and medial thighs
• Symmetric, sharply defined, red raised plaques/ papules, serpiginous patterns covered by a brown crust
• Heal from the center outward, producing rings
DDx of common causes of CNS disease in swine
Suckling pigs: (4)
Weanling pigs: (4)
Grower/finisher and adult: (4)
Suckling pigs: Hypoglycemia Streptococcal meningitis
Pseudorabies
Weanling pigs: Streptococcal meningitis Pseudorabies Edema disease Water deprivation (salt poisoning)
Grower/finisher and adult: Streptococcal meningitis H. parasuis meningitis
S. choleraesuis meningitis Pseudorabies
Viral encephalitis DDx:
pseudorabies enterovirus coronavirus EEE virus rabies paramyxovirus hog cholera PRRS virus EMC virus cytomegalovirus Nipah virus Japanese B encephalitis
Bacterial meningitis
• DDx:
• Sequelae (3)
• Infection may extend via ______ nerve from what other disease
Bacterial meningitis
• DDx: S. suis, H. parasuis, E. coli, S. choleraesuis, A. suis, M. hyorhinis
• Results in purulent meningitis, or abscessation of the cerebrum/ cerebellum
and may include herniation of the cerebellum
• Infection may extend via cranial nerve VIII from otitis interna/media
Leptospira pomona
• Chronic cases: lesions are confined to the kidneys with ______
• Pigs < 3 months-of–age may have:
• Gross lesion
Leptospira pomona
• Chronic cases: lesions are confined to the kidneys with tubulo-interstitial nephritis
• Pigs < 3 months-of–age may have icterus and hemoglobinuria
• Grossly there are multifocal renal cortical petechiae
Corynebacterium suis
• lesion
Corynebacterium suis
• Acute cystitis and diffuse suppurative pyelonephritis
Nephoblastoma
- lesion
- embryonic tumor of the kidney
melanoma
- common breeds
- age
- malignancy
- duress and mini sinclairs
- usually younger animals
- may be malignant
