Swine Infectious Disease Flashcards

Question

Brachyspira (Serpulina) spp. • Strongly β hemolytic - B. hyzdysenteriae also know as : • Weakly β-hemolytic – B. pilosicoli- also know as: • age • lesion • diarrhea type • Bacteria colonize the surface of the colonic mucosa creating:

Answer 1

``` Brachyspira (Serpulina) spp. • (swine dysentery) • (intestinal spirochetosis) • Weaned (8-14 weeks) to adult pigs • Mucohemorrhagic colitis/typhlitis with occasional fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranes • ‘Wet-cement-like’ stool • Bacteria colonize the surface of the colonic mucosa creating a ‘false brush border’ of mats of serpentine spirochetes in the crypts ```

Answer 2

- porcine herpesvirus 1 | - nerves to the brain

Answer 3

Acute virulent form: pigs are pyrexic with cutaneous cyanosis, conjunctivitis, anorexia, constipation followed by severe diarrhea (cholera), convulsions and death • Lesions: peripheral hemorrhage of lymph nodes, generalized vasculitis, tonsillar necrosis, splenic infarcts, serosal/pleural hemorrhages and petechiations, button ulcers in the colon, immune-mediated glomerulonephritis • Subacute form: pyrexia, diarrhea, low mortality and few gross lesions • Reproductive form: mummified, stillborn and weakborn pigs, congenital tremors, cerebellar hypo-aplasia, limb deformities, arthrogryposis - exotic to North america

Answer 4

African swine fever • Acute form: high fever, terminal bloody diarrhea and death • Chronic form: lymphoid hyperplasia, fibrous pleuritis and pericarditis, and pneumonia • Exotic to North America

Answer 5

* Vesicles on the planum nasale, oral cavity, coronary bands with sloughing of hooves * Viral myocarditis

Answer 6

Atrophic Rhinitis – Either Pasteurella multocida, Bordatella • Toxin causes bony lysis in the nasal turbinates and physes of long bones by inhibiting osteoblasts, inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and stimulating osteoclasts • Trauma may play a role in disease induction • Nasal turbinate atrophy and nasal septal deviation

Answer 7

- congenital lesion, incidental finding

Answer 8

- bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells - H1N1 - catarrhal and mucopurulent pneumonia; ddx - necrotizing bronchiolitis "checkerboard pattern" with diffuse INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA with lobular atelectasis - P. multocida

Answer 9

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae • ‘Enzootic pneumonia’ (EP) • Highly contagious and single most economically important swine respiratory disease • Causes a mucopurulent bronchopneumonia, abscessation with fibrinous pleuritic, ciliostasis • Gross lesions mostly affect portions of the cranial and accessory lobes, while more extensive lesions involve 50% or more of the cranio-ventral regions • Affected lung has a dark red color in the acute stages that becomes pale-grey (fish-flesh) appearance in chronic cases • Abscesses and pleural fibrosis are long term sequela

Answer 10

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae • Most impact in 2 to 5 months-of-age pigs, also associated with otitis media and interna in weaned piglets • Responsible for both acute and chronic pneumonia and is characterized by a severe, often fatal fibrinous bronchopneumonia with areas of coagulative necrosis • Distribution tends to be dorsal (hilar) but may be unilateral; right lung more commonly affected • Recovered pigs become carriers and have ‘sequestra’ of necrotic parenchyma and large abscesses

Answer 11

• Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex • Granulomas in lymph node, intestine, liver, spleen, and rarely in the lung - zoonotic

Answer 12

Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus • Bronchio-interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis

Answer 13

Metastrongylus apri, Metastrongylus salmi Metastrongylus pudendotectus • Can transmit influenza virus • Adult worm seen in the bronchi Ascaris suum migration larvae: edema and sub pleural hemorrhages + interstitial inflammation (equivalent to the mild spots).

Answer 14

Dermatosis vegetans • Autosomal recessive • All carriers originated from 1 Danish landrace • Thick horny, papillomatous black crusts • Associated with fatal giant cell pneumonia and hoof malformation

Answer 15

Swine pox (suipoxvirus) • Distribution follows lice (Hematopinus suis) habitat • Multifocal proliferative to pustular dermatitis (pox) • Pox lesions may have central necrosis with a proliferative margin forming a halo

Answer 16

Greasy pig disease • Staphylococcus hyicus • Focal or diffuse exudative (scaly) epidermatis = erosion of the stratum corneum dehydration • Lesions may be predisposed by poor nutrition and poor flooring or trauma resulting from bite injuries caused by failure to remove “milk or needle” teeth

Answer 17

Mange • Sarcoptes scabei var. suis - burrow tunnels in the stratum corneum • Hyperkeratotic dermatitis with crusts and excoriations, chronic lesions are lichenified and hairless

Answer 18

- parakeratosis | - chronic solar dermatosis (sunburn)

Answer 19

Porcine Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis • A.K.A. pityriasis rosea, pseudoringworm • Usually weanlings 3-14 weeks-of-age • Landrace • Non-contagious and self limiting and can resolve spontaneously in 2-10 weeks • Lesions on the ventral abdomen and medial thighs • Symmetric, sharply defined, red raised plaques/ papules, serpiginous patterns covered by a brown crust • Heal from the center outward, producing rings

Answer 20

Suckling pigs: Hypoglycemia Streptococcal meningitis Pseudorabies ``` Weanling pigs: Streptococcal meningitis Pseudorabies Edema disease Water deprivation (salt poisoning) ``` Grower/finisher and adult: Streptococcal meningitis H. parasuis meningitis S. choleraesuis meningitis Pseudorabies

Answer 21

``` pseudorabies enterovirus coronavirus EEE virus rabies paramyxovirus hog cholera PRRS virus EMC virus cytomegalovirus Nipah virus Japanese B encephalitis ```

Answer 22

Bacterial meningitis • DDx: S. suis, H. parasuis, E. coli, S. choleraesuis, A. suis, M. hyorhinis • Results in purulent meningitis, or abscessation of the cerebrum/ cerebellum and may include herniation of the cerebellum • Infection may extend via cranial nerve VIII from otitis interna/media

Answer 23

Leptospira pomona • Chronic cases: lesions are confined to the kidneys with tubulo-interstitial nephritis • Pigs < 3 months-of–age may have icterus and hemoglobinuria • Grossly there are multifocal renal cortical petechiae

Answer 24

Corynebacterium suis | • Acute cystitis and diffuse suppurative pyelonephritis

Answer 25

- embryonic tumor of the kidney

Answer 26

- duress and mini sinclairs - usually younger animals - may be malignant