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Agriculture > Swine Industry > Flashcards

Swine Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Phylogeny of pigs: phylum, genus, and species.

A

Chordata; Sus; Scrofa

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2
Q

Domestic pig has ____ chromosomes

A

38

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3
Q 
# of hog operations in US
Operations with 2,000 or more head account for what percent of the inventory?
A

55,882

87%

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4
Q

Inventory of all hogs and pigs

A

68.3 million head.

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5
Q

What purposes do hogs serve?

A 
Food industry. 
Pharmaceuticals. 
Beauty industry. 
Construction industry. 
Plant industry. 
Entertainment. 
Companionship.
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6
Q

Gilt

A

Female that hasn’t farrowed.

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7
Q

Sow

A

Female that has farrowed.

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8
Q

Boar

A

Male of breeding age.

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9
Q

Barrow

A

Male castrated before puberty.

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10
Q

Shoat

A

Young swine.

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11
Q

Feeder

A

Swine that needs further feeding prior to slaughter.

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12
Q

Farrowing

A

Act of giving birth.

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13
Q

Parity

A

Number of different times a female has had offspring.

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14
Q

By 4900 BC, pigs were domesticated where?

A

China

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15
Q

By 1500 BC, pigs were being raised where?

A

Europe.

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16
Q

3000-4000 BC: what 3 civilizations used pigs prominently in culture and diets?

A

Persian, Egyptian, and Chinese.

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17
Q

What 3 religions consider pork unclean to eat?

A

Jewish, Islamic, Hindu.

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18
Q

America’s first 13 pigs were where and when?

A

Tampa FL 1539

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19
Q

Who is the Father of the American Pork Industry?

A

Hernando de Soto

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20
Q

What is a razorback

A

Feral pig

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21
Q

World meat consumption of pork, chicken, beef, other, and turkey.

A 
40%
29%
24%
5%
2%
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22
Q

In 2005, what country became the world’s largest pork exporter?

A

US.

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23
Q

US production accounted for what percent of total world supply in 2008?

A

10.5%

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24
Q

Total value of pork in USA?

A

$4.3 billion

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25
Q

Value of pork exports? (Per head)

A

$36.10 per head for each hog harvested in the US.

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26
Q

Pork exported countries. % of world supply.

A 
US- 33%
European Union- 25%
Canada- 20%
Brazil- 12%
China- 4%
Other- 3%
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27
Q

Purchasers of US Exported Pork

A 
Japan-$1.5 billion
Mexico-$542 million
Canada-$501 million
Russia-$205.5 million
Hong Kong-$176 million
South Korea-$194 million
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28
Q

What country consumes the most pork per capita?

A

Belarus. 94 pounds.

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29
Q

How many hogs are processed in the US

A

98 million

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30
Q

How many pounds of pork in the US

A

19 billion pounds

31
Q

Farm sales in US ($)

A

$11 billion

32
Q

Total retail sales to consumers ($)

A

$38 billion

33
Q

Daily harvest capacity

A

444,925 head.

34
Q

Each 265 pound market hog represents how many servings?

A

371

35
Q

US sow herd

A

5.77 million head

36
Q

Leanest cuts of pork have what characteristic?

A

“Loin” in the name.

37
Q

Pork should be cooked to an internal temp. Of what? Followed by a rest time of how many minutes?

A

145 degrees F.

3 minutes.

38
Q

Birth weights

A

2-3 pounds.

39
Q

Average litter size

A

7-15 piglets.

40
Q

Weaning weight

A

10-15 pounds at 2-3 weeks of age.

30-40 pounds at 6 weeks of age.

41
Q

Slaughter weight.

A

190-280+ pounds.
Average in 2015 was 285#
Average dressed weight of 213.

42
Q

Mature weight

A

500-800# boar

400-700# sow

43
Q

Weaning age

A

2-6 weeks

44
Q

Slaughter age

A

5-6 months

45
Q

Breeding age

A

7-8 months

46
Q

Gestation

A

3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days (112-115 days)

47
Q

Estrus cycle

A

19-21 days

48
Q

Duration of estrus

A

2-3 days

49
Q

Lactation/nursing:

A

21 days

50
Q

Average age of standard market hogs at 250 pounds

A

6 months

51
Q

Farrow to Finish operations

A

All stages of production. From breeding thru finishing.

52
Q

Farrow to Nursery operations

A

Breeding through marketing 40-60# feeder pigs to grow-finish farms.

53
Q

Farrow to Wean operations

A

Breeding through marketing 10-15 pound weaned pigs to nursery-grow-finish farms.

54
Q

Wean to Finish operations

A

Purchase weaned pigs and Finish them to market weights.

55
Q

What is the major production input of pork production

A

Feed

56
Q

Feed accounts for more than what percent of all production expenses

A

65%

57
Q

Average whole-herd feed efficiency

A

3-3.2 pounds of feed per 1 pound of weight gain.

58
Q

Stomach type

A

Mono-gastric

59
Q

Energy ingredients in rations

A

Carbs–corn, milo, little wheat

60
Q

Protein ingredients

A

Soy bean meal. Meet lysine requirements (first limiting amino acid)

61
Q

Creep vs. finishing rations

A
  1. 8% lysine

0. 8% lysine

62
Q

Bushel weighs how many pounds

A

165

63
Q

Less corn use recently due to high cost. What is the substitute

A

Dried distillers grains, ethanol production by-product.

64
Q

Compared to 1950’s hogs,

Today’s model is ______% less fat

A

75%

65
Q

WWII avg was 2.85 inches of back fat. Why?

A

Demand for lard for use in making ammunition.

66
Q

Today, avg back fat is

A

0.75 inches

67
Q

Majority of commercial hogs are ______, developed for ______ or ______ traits.

A

Composites
Maternal
Terminal

68
Q

Pork is responsible for over _____ in domestic activity

A

$72 billion

69
Q

Over _______ jobs associated with hog production.

A

800,000

70
Q

Adds over _____ to basic production inputs such as corn and soybeans.

A

$27 billion

71
Q

In the 1950’s there were nearly ______ operations.

A

3 million.

72
Q

Today, there are _______ hog operations

A

56,000+

73
Q

Farms are _____- nearly ____% of hogs produced are from operations that market more than ______ hogs annually

A

Larger.
91%
5,000

Agriculture (3 decks)

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