swine Flashcards
sus scrofa
genus and species name
useful for
clothing and equipment, bio medical research, food source
breeds
landrace and yorkshire
characteristics
intelligent and easily trained
dunging pattern
urinating and defecating in one part of their pen
sociability
social and need visual and physical contact with others
rooting
exploring their surroundings and searching for snacks with their snouts. Ringing is a procedure used to discourage this behaviour
fencing
swine are strong and have a low center of gravity, they can root under a fence and escape
diet type
omnivores with a monastic stomach. must consume a balanced diet
physiology
4 toes on each foot, well insulated with a layer of body fat- except piglets. Has a few sweat glands and need protection from the sun and extreme heat
ways to cool
shades, wallows, spray cooling, air cooling
boar
mature or immature male hog
barrow
castrated male hog
sow
mature female hog
gilt
immature female hog
pig
newborn of either sex
breeding
polyestrous, heat cycles occurring every 21 days throughout the year. Estrus lasts 2-3 days.
average litter
10-12 piglets, each weights about 3lbs at birth
farrowing
birthing process
birth
head or feet first at 20 min intervals. farrowing should be complete within 4hrs. newborns cough to start breathing and are on their feet immediatly
weaning
3-8 weeks of age or at 10-12lbs
productivity
pigs go to market at 5-6 mos when they weigh 200lbs. Sows and boars remain productive for 5-6yrs
commercial swine
sold for 2 main purposes, slaughter and breeding
farrow-to-finish
full-service swine operation that houses breeders, newborns, weanlings, and feeder stock
farrow-to-wean
swine production unit that houses breeding sows and offspring until weaning age or weight
feeder-to-finish
swine farm that raises weanlings to market weight
breeders
raise purbred gilts and boars to sell to other purbred breeders or commercial farrowing farms
Specific pathogen free
management system used to eradicate certain diseases
open herd
permits animals from other herds to mix
closed herd
prevents new animals from entering
management systems
extensive- outdoors, intensive- indoors
feeding guidelines
food expenses constitute 60-80% of total bill to market swine
what to feed swine
corn, wheat, oats, barley, tallow, veg oil, added protein, minerals, vitamins, feed
gestation
lowest percentage of protein due to the importance to restrict the sows diet
lactation
right after gestation 14% protein to meet increasing energy needs of the sow
starter
the most complex and fortified diet, with milk products added to increase growth rate
grower
added amino acids in the diet for a pig between 50-120lbs
finisher
feeding programs can include summer vs winter diets or different diets depending on the gender of the swine
hog hurdles
portable partitions used to maneuver swine, usually into a corner
hog snare
device that secures the pigs head, used on older swine, pig can bite caution is needed
casting
laying an animal down on its side for restraint purposes, this uses ropes
headgate
mechanical instrument at the end of a chute that locks the pigs head on both sides of the neck
sling
resembles a hammock, with four leg holes and a 5th hole under the neck for blood collection from the vena cava. more common with research
processing swine
swine often receive medical care as a herd rather then individuals. pigs are processed within 12-24hrs after birth
processing swine involves
caring for navel cords, clipping needle teeth, docking tails, administration iron, identifying each pig, castrating males
caring for navel cords
soon after birth pigs are born the umbilical cord may be tied off with a square knot or cut off about 1” from body
clipping needle teeth
pigs are born with 8 teeth called needle teeth, clipped within 1-2 days after birth to avoid pigs inflicting bites on each other
docking tails
to control tail biting the tail is docked within 24hrs after birth
administrating iron
iron deficiency anemia of piglets can be a serious problem, IM of iron shortly after birth
identification
ear notching, ear tagging, tattooing and branding, pain branding
castration
only superior males remain intact for breeding purposes. 1-21 days of age
tusks
breeding boars grow elongated canine teeth, must be trimmed regularly