swine

Question 1

sus scrofa

Answer 1

genus and species name

Question 2

useful for

Answer 2

clothing and equipment, bio medical research, food source

Question 3

breeds

Answer 3

landrace and yorkshire

Question 4

characteristics

Answer 4

intelligent and easily trained

Question 5

dunging pattern

Answer 5

urinating and defecating in one part of their pen

Question 6

sociability

Answer 6

social and need visual and physical contact with others

Question 7

rooting

Answer 7

exploring their surroundings and searching for snacks with their snouts. Ringing is a procedure used to discourage this behaviour

Question 8

fencing

Answer 8

swine are strong and have a low center of gravity, they can root under a fence and escape

Question 9

diet type

Answer 9

omnivores with a monastic stomach. must consume a balanced diet

Question 10

physiology

Answer 10

4 toes on each foot, well insulated with a layer of body fat- except piglets. Has a few sweat glands and need protection from the sun and extreme heat

Question 11

ways to cool

Answer 11

shades, wallows, spray cooling, air cooling

Question 12

boar

Answer 12

mature or immature male hog

Question 13

barrow

Answer 13

castrated male hog

Question 14

sow

Answer 14

mature female hog

Question 15

gilt

Answer 15

immature female hog

Question 16

pig

Answer 16

newborn of either sex

Question 17

breeding

Answer 17

polyestrous, heat cycles occurring every 21 days throughout the year. Estrus lasts 2-3 days.

Question 18

average litter

Answer 18

10-12 piglets, each weights about 3lbs at birth

Question 19

farrowing

Answer 19

birthing process

Question 20

birth

Answer 20

head or feet first at 20 min intervals. farrowing should be complete within 4hrs. newborns cough to start breathing and are on their feet immediatly

Question 21

weaning

Answer 21

3-8 weeks of age or at 10-12lbs

Question 22

productivity

Answer 22

pigs go to market at 5-6 mos when they weigh 200lbs. Sows and boars remain productive for 5-6yrs

Question 23

commercial swine

Answer 23

sold for 2 main purposes, slaughter and breeding

Question 24

farrow-to-finish

Answer 24

full-service swine operation that houses breeders, newborns, weanlings, and feeder stock

Question 25

farrow-to-wean

Answer 25

swine production unit that houses breeding sows and offspring until weaning age or weight

Question 26

feeder-to-finish

Answer 26

swine farm that raises weanlings to market weight

Question 27

breeders

Answer 27

raise purbred gilts and boars to sell to other purbred breeders or commercial farrowing farms

Question 28

Specific pathogen free

Answer 28

management system used to eradicate certain diseases

Question 29

open herd

Answer 29

permits animals from other herds to mix

Question 30

closed herd

Answer 30

prevents new animals from entering

Question 31

management systems

Answer 31

extensive- outdoors, intensive- indoors

Question 32

feeding guidelines

Answer 32

food expenses constitute 60-80% of total bill to market swine

Question 33

what to feed swine

Answer 33

corn, wheat, oats, barley, tallow, veg oil, added protein, minerals, vitamins, feed

Question 34

gestation

Answer 34

lowest percentage of protein due to the importance to restrict the sows diet

Question 35

lactation

Answer 35

right after gestation 14% protein to meet increasing energy needs of the sow

Question 36

starter

Answer 36

the most complex and fortified diet, with milk products added to increase growth rate

Question 37

grower

Answer 37

added amino acids in the diet for a pig between 50-120lbs

Question 38

finisher

Answer 38

feeding programs can include summer vs winter diets or different diets depending on the gender of the swine

Question 39

hog hurdles

Answer 39

portable partitions used to maneuver swine, usually into a corner

Question 40

hog snare

Answer 40

device that secures the pigs head, used on older swine, pig can bite caution is needed

Question 41

casting

Answer 41

laying an animal down on its side for restraint purposes, this uses ropes

Question 42

headgate

Answer 42

mechanical instrument at the end of a chute that locks the pigs head on both sides of the neck

Question 43

sling

Answer 43

resembles a hammock, with four leg holes and a 5th hole under the neck for blood collection from the vena cava. more common with research

Question 44

processing swine

Answer 44

swine often receive medical care as a herd rather then individuals. pigs are processed within 12-24hrs after birth

Question 45

processing swine involves

Answer 45

caring for navel cords, clipping needle teeth, docking tails, administration iron, identifying each pig, castrating males

Question 46

caring for navel cords

Answer 46

soon after birth pigs are born the umbilical cord may be tied off with a square knot or cut off about 1” from body

Question 47

clipping needle teeth

Answer 47

pigs are born with 8 teeth called needle teeth, clipped within 1-2 days after birth to avoid pigs inflicting bites on each other

Question 48

docking tails

Answer 48

to control tail biting the tail is docked within 24hrs after birth

Question 49

administrating iron

Answer 49

iron deficiency anemia of piglets can be a serious problem, IM of iron shortly after birth

Question 50

identification

Answer 50

ear notching, ear tagging, tattooing and branding, pain branding

Question 51

castration

Answer 51

only superior males remain intact for breeding purposes. 1-21 days of age

Question 52

tusks

Answer 52

breeding boars grow elongated canine teeth, must be trimmed regularly