cattle

Question 1

breeds

Answer 1

several are found in North America

Question 2

dual purpose

Answer 2

bread for milk and meat

Question 3

pedigree

Answer 3

has written record of animals ancestral background

Question 4

purebred

Answer 4

offspring of 2 purebred

Question 5

breed

Answer 5

genetically similar in colour ans confirmation

Question 6

crossbred

Answer 6

offspring from 2 different breeds

Question 7

dairy cattle

Answer 7

angular body, many skeletal structures exposed through her hide, long legs, slender neck

Question 8

dairy anatomy

Answer 8

large abdomen, udder is large, attached high and wide, 4 teats placed equally

Question 9

dairy common breeds

Answer 9

ayreshire, brown swiss, guernsey, holstein-frisian (most popular), jersey

Question 10

beef cattle

Answer 10

rectangular in stature, very few skeletal structures revealed, shorter legs, shorter, fleshly neck

Question 11

beef anatomy

Answer 11

dewlap, loose skin that covers the brisket and portion of the neck. Poll is the top of the cows head between the ears

Question 12

beef common breeds

Answer 12

angus, hereford, polled hereford

Question 13

bull

Answer 13

mature male

Question 14

cow

Answer 14

mature female

Question 15

calf

Answer 15

young, under 1yr

Question 16

yearling

Answer 16

approx 1yr

Question 17

steer

Answer 17

male castrated at young age

Question 18

stag

Answer 18

male castrated after maturity

Question 19

heifer

Answer 19

female old enough to be bred, but not yet calved

Question 20

dairy housing

Answer 20

several types, free stall (not confined), loose or pen-type (1 lrg open pen), stachion (restrained and confined)

Question 21

beef housing

Answer 21

confinement (more costly&labour intensive-not practical), open range (hunt for food on unimproved land), pasture (graze on land)

Question 22

feeding

Answer 22

ruminant herbivores- stomach compartments rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Question 23

chewing cud- rumunation

Answer 23

bolus ball of regurgitated food from the stomach (rumen). Chew cud over and over until all fibrous roughage is broken down

Question 24

rumen

Answer 24

first and largest compartment of the ruminant stomach

Question 25

reticulum

Answer 25

surface looks like a honeycomb. Traps foreign objects such as nails, wire and stones

Question 26

omasum

Answer 26

mixes and grinds food. lrg quantities of water absorbed.

Question 27

abomasum

Answer 27

“true stomach” ingesta is mixed with gastric juices, and digestion takes place here

Question 28

cattle eat

Answer 28

beef and dairy eat lrg quantities of roughage, by grazing on pasture or silage (feed from corn or plants)

Question 29

beef calf eats

Answer 29

weaned around 6 mos, up to 1yr graze on pasture, 15 mos supplements are added

Question 30

dairy cattle eat

Answer 30

according to the amount of milk they produce

Question 31

handling a bull

Answer 31

with caution, cannot be trusted ever

Question 32

restraint

Answer 32

ring (placed through septum of bulls nose, squeeze chute (so procedures can be performed, hobbles (restrains hind legs when milk is taken), handling system (corrals, pens etc)

Question 33

branding

Answer 33

branded on their rump

Question 34

ear tags

Answer 34

metal and plastic are used

Question 35

tattoos

Answer 35

dairy normally identified by the use of ear tags, tattoos, and neck chains with ID tags

Question 36

dehorning

Answer 36

almost all dairy are for animal safety and humans, should be done as early as possible

Question 37

castration

Answer 37

usually done on bulls less than 3 mos to minimize stress

Question 38

breeding dairy

Answer 38

want to have a calf every year

Question 39

breeding

Answer 39

cow does not reach full milk potential until she is 6 yrs. Almost all bull dairy calves are used for veal production

Question 40

estrus

Answer 40

every 21 days

Question 41

gestation

Answer 41

280 days

Question 42

beef breeding

Answer 42

natural services are used with bull

Question 43

dairy breeding

Answer 43

almost exclusively by artificial

Question 44

birth

Answer 44

calf should be rubbed vigorously with a burlap bag or towel to get the circulatory system functioning. position forelegs and head first.

Question 45

dry

Answer 45

dairy cow not lactating for last 60 days of gestation

Question 46

open

Answer 46

cow that is not pregnant

Question 47

bred

Answer 47

cow that has been mated and is pregant

Question 48

fertile

Answer 48

able to produce at regular intervals

Question 49

how often a cow is milked

Answer 49

purpose is for milk, 305 days/yr twice a day

Question 50

cow mammary glands are called

Answer 50

quarters

Question 51

before the cow is milked

Answer 51

udder is washed, each teat is tested by squirting a few squirts into a cup

Question 52

squirts of milk are examined for

Answer 52

flaked, sloughed cells and blood… if present most likely is mastitis

Question 53

how long the cow is milked

Answer 53

milking machine is placed on the animal and is milked for about 5 minutes

Question 54

pasteurizing milk

Answer 54

the process of heating to kill the pathogenic organisms

Question 55

milk solids

Answer 55

component of milk after all the water is removed

Question 56

whole milk

Answer 56

milk secreted from the cow without anything removed

Question 57

skim milk

Answer 57

whole milk that has had butterfat removed

Question 58

important factors for preventive care

Answer 58

appropriate deworming, adhere to milk withdraw times and preslaughter times. feed additives, tuberculosis testing, mastitis testing done regularly, vaccinations and immunizations

Question 59

common diseases and conditions

Answer 59

bloat, ketosis, pink eye, ringworm, warts, lymphosarcoma, abomasal ulcers, hardware disease, muscle disease