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prelims > Swimming > Flashcards

Swimming Flashcards

1
Q

Archaeological and other evidence shows
swimming to have been practiced as early as ___ in Egypt and thereafter in Assyrian, Greek,
and Roman civilizations.

A

2500
BCE

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2
Q

in ____
swimming was apart of martial training and was,
with the alphabet, also part of elementary
education for males

A

Greece and Rome

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3
Q

The earliest instruction programs were in____ in the ___, both for sport and for
lifesaving. The programs were copied in the rest of
Europe.

A

Great Britain, 19th century

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4
Q

swimming has been known since prehistoric times; the earliest
records of swimming back to stone age paintings from around _____
years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC

A

7000

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5
Q

_____ needed the motivation to
appreciate swimming as a competitive sport.
This is due to the fact that their ancestors
were sea-faring people owing to the more than
7,100 islands which compose this country.

A

The Filipinos

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6
Q

Introduced
swimming as a comparative sport in the
country.

A

American military men

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7
Q

These are the ADVANTAGES of Swimming ( just click )

A

-Swimming is a kind of sport and effective exercise for good
health.
❖Swimming helps to reduce weight by burning calories
when you get into the water. It is good exercise to lose
weight and eliminate obesity.
❖Swimming helps to boost your mood by reducing tension.
❖Swimming helps reduces heart disease, as it is great
cardiovascular exercise.
❖Swimming is also good for strengthening muscles.
❖Disabled persons can also use swimming as part of their norml
activity while those with injuries cas use swimming as part of
therapy and rehabilitating activity.
❖Both men and women can enjoy swimming during summer to
keep body cool.
❖Swimmers or athlete often swims daily for fitness and to
remain healthy.
❖It is one of the effective exercise and great for the heart and
lungs.
❖Swimming is a fun activity, which keeps exercising your heart
-Any person of any age can swim.
❖Swimming is one of the best workout for the whole body.
❖It also helps to relax your body and mind.
❖Swimming is not only a wonderful aerobic and resistance workout or
a fabulous experience but also an activity, which
provides a lot of health benefits to human body.

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8
Q

its a must in the pools because it is a powerful disinfectant. Being
exposed to high amounts of ____ is not healthy as it can cause, among
other conditions, headaches, dry skin, and eye irritation

A

Chlorine

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9
Q

can help in preventing irritation of the eyes;
however, your skin, hair, and ears will still be exposed to the effects of
chlorine.

A

Wearing swimming goggles

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10
Q

inhaling ____ can cause respiratory problems, and it
increases the risks of developing asthma.

A

Chlorine

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11
Q

Another notable disadvantage of swimming is that swimmers are prone
to specific injuries. This happens due to high amount of repetitive
movements during different strokes.

A

Common Injuries

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12
Q

Most common injuries ( just click )

A

-Shoulder injuries, tendinitis, and shoulder impingement.
* Knee injuries.
* Neck and low back injuries.
* Biceps tendinitis
All these can be caused by a combination of different things
like:
* Lack of proper rest between swimming sessions.
* Bad stroke technique.
* Poor breathing technique.
* Poor conditioning and strength of the core and hips.

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13
Q

can be considered one of the less
known disadvantages of swimming in colder,
compared to warmer water, leads to higher levels
of perceived hunger.
▪ This led to the participants who swam in the
colder water to consume as much as 44% more
calories. This result was despite their caloric
expenditure being relatively the same as the
participants swimming in warmer water.

A

Undesired Weight Gain

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14
Q

in a pool can be a lot
safer, swimming in open waters (like the
oceans, lakes, or rivers) can be quite
dangerous.
The danger comes from the currents and the
lack of familiarity and experience
with how underwater currents interact with
our bodies.

A

Risk of Drowning

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15
Q

Swimming is quite an intensive exercise that requires the use of all your major
muscles. As a result, this cause you to sweat and lose fluids, just like other types of
intense exercises. However, since you are underwater, it is hard to notice and feel
that you are sweating.

A

Dehydration

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16
Q

are another common
disadvantage of swimming. A common type
of fungal infection amongst swimmers is
athlete’s foot; it is highly contagious, and it
can spread quickly.
Another concern is the possibility for a yeast
infection, especially for women, which is
caused by a combination of the swimming
water, high humidity, and the heat.

A

Fungal Infections

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17
Q

Many different bacteria and pathogens can be found in the
water. Even in the well-chlorinated pools, some bacteria can
still survive

A

Bacterial Infections

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18
Q

It usually
develops when water stays in the ear canal for a long time.
This gives bacteria a chance a chance of developing, and as a
result, infecting the skin of your ears.

A

Swimmer’s Ear

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19
Q

is a reason why people feel exhausted after swimming. A study found
that people who spend long times outdoors, exposed to the sun tend to lower their cognitive functions
temporarily.
Another theory is that swimming in cold water causes us to spend more energy to maintain proper levels
of body core temperature. Thus, making us more tired than usual.

A

Sun exposure

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20
Q

A significant disadvantage of swimming, especially in lakes, rivers, or oceans, is the
negative effect of doing it in __

A

Polluted Waters

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21
Q

in the winter, for many of us, is often
out of the question. Especially swimming in
oceans, rivers, or lakes. Swimming in cold
water can affect us in several dangerous ways. It
can potentially cause:
Hypothermia
Sudden heart attack
Loss of capacity to swim

A

Winter Swimming

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22
Q

Loss of electrolytes and
dehydration
▪ Too much swimming
▪ Lack of proper
conditioning

A

Cramps

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23
Q

Swimming in open water might be very easy to bump into different sorts of rocks and sea
creatures
* Animals that although less dangerous can harm us, too, like jelly fish, crabs, and sea
urchins
* Sharks are a well-known danger that is present in most beachgoers
* Shallow waters might be possible to hit your legs or hands on sharp rocks or step on
seashells. (although it might not lead to a severe injury, this can cause some bruises and
wounds)

A

Bumping into Foreign Objects

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24
Q

Water Safety Tips ( Just Click )

A
  1. Walk, don’t run
  2. Listen to instructions and obey pool rules
  3. No diving in the shallow end
  4. No roughhousing
  5. Dont play around and drains and covers
  6. Never swim alone
  7. Sun safety is part of the deal
  8. Use pool safety equipment properly
  9. Out of pool and inside when storms threaten
  10. now how to respond in an emergency
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25
Q

in swimming terminology, ____ is the official
name of the front crawl stroke used more commonly at a competitive level.

A

Freestyle

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26
Q

simultaneous leg kick used in Butterfly

A

Dolphin Kick

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27
Q

these are underwater somersaults used in backstroke and freestyle that allow
swimmers to push off from the wall for the next length

A

Tumble turns

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28
Q

____ refers to rotation of your body from side

A

Body Roll

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29
Q

is used in the freestyle stroke and involves breathing on both
sides of the body

A

bilateral breathing

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30
Q

you breathe in every other arm stroke. As a consequence, you always breathe
in on the same side . This gives you plenty of oxygen and is especially useful in short distance races.

A

Unilateral breathing

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31
Q

this is swimming terminology for simple exercises focusing on a
particular part of your technique

A

Swimming drills

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32
Q

____ is when you are coasting along with a pause in your stroke

A

Glide

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33
Q

underwater body position after driving or pushing off the wall which
maximizes swim speed and efficiency

A

Streamline

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34
Q

legs only (no pulling)

A

Kick

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35
Q

A flat float used for doing kick

A

Kickboard

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36
Q

back crawl

A

Backstroke

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37
Q

longer distance, moderate intensity, short rest period swimming sets that
focus on building endurance

A

Aerobic

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38
Q

shorter distance, high intensity , long rest period swimming sets that
focus on building power

A

Anaerobic

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39
Q

50 m pool(term used for describing competitions)

A

Long course

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40
Q

arms only (no kicking)

A

Pull

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41
Q

25 m pool ( term used for describing competitions

A

Short course

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42
Q

is often mandatory
when swimming in a public pool,
unless you are bald. ___
comes in handy if you have long hair
and want to avoid that it gets into
your face while swimming

A

Swimming Cap

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43
Q

allow you to submerge
your head without having to fear of getting
water in your eyes. You will be more relaxed
and able to streamline your body better

A

Swimming Goggles

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44
Q

is nice to have, as it keeps water
out of your nose. So it’s one thing less to
worry about during the initial learning phase.

A

Nose clip

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45
Q

helps especially while learning
front crawl, as it takes quite a bit of
technique and coordination to be able to
breathe on the side and keep your arms and
legs moving.

A

Nose clip

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46
Q

dramatically improve the
efficiency of your flutter kick in front crawl
and backstroke and the efficiency of your
dolphin kick in the butterfly stroke.
The legs are much better supported in the
water, and hence you can focus on learning
the arm stroke movements.

A

Swim Fins

47
Q

is a figure-eight shaped
flotation device made of solid foam and
which you squeeze between your thighs. lso supports your legs so you
can focus on the arm stroke movements.
It makes the most sense to use them
when swimming front crawl.

A

Pull buoys

48
Q

are those
long colored flexible cylinders made
of solid foam.

A

Swimming Noodle

49
Q

can be used to isolate and learn the leg
movements, especially the flutter kick and the
breaststroke kick.
A ___ makes less sense to learn the dolphin kick
used in butterfly, as the kickboard limits the body
undulation that is essential in that stroke.

A

Kickboard

50
Q

conforms to regulated dimensions
that are big enough for international competition. This type of
swimming pool is used in the Olympic Games

A

Olympic-size swimming pool

51
Q

here the race course
is ____ (164.0 ft) in length, typically referred to as “long course”

A

50m

52
Q

distinguishing it from “short course” which applies to competitions in
pools that are ____ (82.0 ft) in length, or ___ (22.86 m) in the
United States

A

25

53
Q

It is not a specific definition, as there is no
official limit on the depth of an Olympic pool. The value has
an order of magnitude of ___

A

1 megaliter

54
Q

Number of lanes in pool,
Lane width,
Water Temp,
Water Volume,

A

10,
2.5 m,
25 - 28 C,
2,500,000 L or 2 acre - feet

55
Q

Do’s and Dont ( just click )

A

-Communication.
*Move Out of the Way.
*Treat Other Swimmers With
Respect.
*Don’t Cut Off Other Swimmers.
*Don’t Ride Someone’s Feet.
*Wait at Least 5 Seconds
Between Swimmers.
*Don’t Join A Lane That’s Not Your
Speed

56
Q

iis defined as rhythmic
muscular activity resulting in movement, and initiates
a more appropriate increase in cardiac output and
oxygen exchange.
_____ are controlled movements that
prepare your muscles, ligaments and other soft
tissues for performance and safety.

A

Dynamic Stretches

57
Q

are performed by increasing
tension in a muscle while keeping its length
constant.
_____ are those in which you
stand, sit or lie still and hold a single
position for period of time, up to about 45
seconds.

A

Static exercise

58
Q

The
____ is the most intricate joint in the entire body, so
you must stretch and warm up properly by performing a
series of rotations to really extend them. The smoother
these exercises are performed, the more effective they
will be.

A

Shoulder

59
Q

Stretching order

A

Shoulder -> Arms -> Body

60
Q

____Is also extremely important,
particularly when performing ‘static’
exercises such as these. _____ out as you
stretch and extend as far as possible helps
you relax more and makes these exercises as
effective as possible.

A

Breathing

61
Q

Where you sink
underwater and slowly
exhale a stream of
bubbles through your
nose and mouth, is a
way to grow familiar
with breath control.

A

Bobbing

62
Q

is a technique
that allows a swimmer to remain
upright in an essentially
stationary position with the head
above water.

A

Treading

63
Q

are caused when children
unintentionally fall into the water and begin
to panic in this different environment.
____ equips kids with the ability to roll to
their back and stay at the water’s surface,
which places them in an ideal position to
breath.

A

Floating

64
Q

uses very little
making it ideal for situations when you don’t
how long you’ll need to stay afloat. Lie on your
with your face underwater and your arms
legs dangling. W

A

Survival Float

65
Q

you don’t use much
energy, and you stay fairly
comfortable. In the __& you lie on your back in the
water slighty arched, your arms
out to the sides and your legs
straight.

A

Horizontal Back Float

66
Q

your face remains above the
water; however, in the ____, less of your body
floats above the water. While
your upper chest and you face
stay out of the water, your
legs drop down below the
surface.

A

Vertical Back Float

67
Q

in a backstroke body position and make
your body as flat as you can on the surface of the
water while maintaining a neutral neck.

A

Supine Float

68
Q

used esp. by beginning
swimmers, with face
downward, legs extended
backward, and arms
stretched forward.

A

Deadman’s float

69
Q

Chin on chest, eyes looking
down.
Hug both knees to chest curl
into a little ball.
Back should break the
surface of the water.

A

Mushroom Float

70
Q

is the fastest swimming stroke of all. It is used in open water and
triathlon swimming.

A

Free style

71
Q

Is a symmetrical stroke with both arms carried over the water on
recovery. The stroke uses a dolphin kick (both legs kicking as one together). Fly is
challenging and normally only attempted by good intermediate and advanced
swimmers.

A

Butterfly

72
Q

A swimming event combining all four of the strokes normally performed in the
order fly- back- breast- free. Classic distances are 200m (50m of each stroke) and
400m (100m of each stroke).

A

Individual Medley

73
Q

order of IM Medley

A

fly- back- breast- free

74
Q

requires both arms to move in a synchronised way underwater; whilst
the arms are fully stretched out the legs move in a synchronised movement, to
push forward the swimmer

A

Breast stroke

75
Q

should be in a streamlined position on their back in the water; eyes
should face upwards with the head relaxed.

A

Back stroke

76
Q

A float, normally flat and square, which is traditionally held in
front of you in your hands when you are performing kicking drills.
The float
gives you the buoyancy to lift your head out of the water

A

Kick board

77
Q

are training aids held or strapped to the hands whilst
swimming. Traditionally they are bigger than the hand and
designed to increase grip on the water.

A

Paddles

78
Q

A specially shaped float designed to sit between your legs as high as possible
(touching your crotch). The ____ provides enough buoyancy that you do not
have to kick to keep your body position high.

A

Pull buoy

79
Q

Exercises normally performed in the water to practice an aspect of the swimming
stroke.

A

Drills

80
Q

How much friction you create in the water whilst you swim. Fast swimmers have
low drag and high levels of propulsion.

A

Drag

81
Q

A description of the kicking technique used when swimming
freestyle

A

2, 4 or 6 Beat Kick

82
Q

the traditional flutter kick and uses 6 kicks
per complete arm cycle.

A

6 beat

83
Q

is 2 kicks per complete arm cycle and is
often used by expert distance swimmers and triathletes to
reduce the oxygen uptake from their legs.

A

2 beat

84
Q

where one arm is held fully forwards until the other arm has performed a
complete stroke and returned to the front. This drill tends to be used during the
early stages of learning freestyle timing. After that it encourages poor body
rotation.

A

Catch up drill

85
Q

is another term for your swimming stroke. Your
swimming speed is much more limited by your technique than your fitness.
Because of this, all levels of swimmer should work on their strokes in their
swimming sessions and strike a good balance between technique work such as
drills and fitness work and fitness training

A

Swimming technique

86
Q

Breathing to both sides, in any pattern. This is a good technique to
keep your stroke symmetrical and avoid damage to the neck
muscles.

A

Bilateral Breathing

87
Q

How high / horizontal your body sits in the water as you swim. A
high body position close to the surface is good.

A

Body position

88
Q

The rotation of your body along your ‘long axis’ or spine as you
swim. Aim for approximately 45-60°

A

Body rotation

89
Q

is created by your body when you swim, this drops the
level of the surface of the water as it passes your head, creating
what we call a trough. You can breathe into that trough without
lifting your head as much as you might think.

A

Bow wave

90
Q

is the start of the arm stroke at the very front when you start to grip
the water and move your hand and arm backwards.

A

The catch

91
Q

A kick used in the fly stroke where both legs kick in time together

A

Dolphin Kick

92
Q

The part of your stroke where the hand extends forward after entry into the
water

A

Extension

93
Q

Your ability to catch and pull the water to propel yourself forwards.

A

Feel for the water

94
Q

The action of coasting with a pause in your stroke

A

Glide

95
Q

How much effort you require to swim at a given speed. With more economy and
efficiency you will swim faster for the same effort.

A

Economy

96
Q

A traditional swim pacing clock with a double second hand.
Experienced swimmers use this to measure their swim times and
recovery periods in sets so that they don’t have to wear a watch
(which can harm your feel for the water).

A

Pace clock

97
Q

Technical terms for pointing your foot () and flexing it
upwards ()

A

plantar flexion, dorsi flexion

98
Q

How much forward drive you generate with your swimming stroke. L

A

Propulsion

99
Q

The___ phase of the freestyle stroke is performed by the propulsive arm
following the catch. It commences just in the front of the head and continues
back under the body

A

Pull

100
Q

The last section of the propulsive phase of the stroke, as the arm and hand pass
the lower core and hips.

A

Push

101
Q

A body position for minimising drag. The most common being a torpedo push off
performed off the wall

A

Streamline

102
Q

Involved entering at the front of the stroke with thumb down
and palm
out, the first action under the water is to sweep outwards in front of the head,
then
sweep back in past the chest and then finally sweep out again by the hip.

A

S shaped pull

103
Q

How far you travel for every stroke you swim is called ____

A

Stroke length

104
Q

How many strokes you take in a minute is called your ____

A

Stroke rate

105
Q

A turn where the lead arm pushes off the wall, driving the upper body and head
over the lower body.

A

Push turn

106
Q

The portion of a swimming stroke where the arms move over the surface of the
water.

A

Recovery

107
Q

Backing off your training to freshen up for a big race

A

Taper

108
Q

The speed at which you can swim continuously without lactate build up in your
blood stream.

A

Threshhold

109
Q

is one where the head and arms are driven under the body and the
legs flip over the top before reaching the wall and pushing off. Sometimes also
called a flip turn

A

Tumble turn

110
Q

to one side only. Tends to cause asymmetrical strokes over time and is
not recommended. Bilateral (breathing) is recommended by us to keep your
stroke symmetrical and faster

A

Unilateral ( breathing )

111
Q

In competitive swimming, ‘__’ means racing in a 50m pool - as used in
the Olympic games

A

long course

112
Q

In the competitive swimming world, ___ is racing in a 25m pool.
A different set of world records is kept for short course as it is faster than long
course due to the increased number of push- offs.

A

short course

113
Q

A flat- out test of your speed against the clock. A time trial is an all out effort like
a race but normally performed without competition.

A

Time trial

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