Swedish immigration Flashcards
first wave of immigrants were labour migrants
From morocco, turkey and Ugoslavia in the 60s
Multiculturalism and integration
in the period after the 70s the state made a bid to encourage integration in order to avoid economic and social marginalisation
Sweden was the first to
introduce immigration ideology.
For a long time the equal opportunities belief stemming from the welfare state
mean that the only criteria for accessing basis income security is the right to legally remain in the country.
In70s labour flow controlled
Sweden would only let in labour where it was needed and together with the equality oriented approach to welfare underpinned the nature of immigration in Sweden for a large part of the 20th century.
Policy after the war
‘equality, freedom of choice and cooperation’.
in a bid to pioneer immigration policy standards they introduced a sensible policy of only letting the immigrants that they could accommodate sustainably
Policy on cultural assimilation at first
Language classes were offered, however at the same time, no one was to be forced in to assimilating immediately- inline with this minorities would often receive state funding to set up communities whereby their cultural and religious practices could be maintained.
Furthermore, traditional values were toned down in this period in favour of a more universal, multicultural and democratic approach.
In the early 80s what changed?
soon the right to family life and protection from persecution were new criteria for residency seekers.
What did they notice after a few years of immigration?
by accepting first generation immigrants they were then by default of the reunification laws, allowing for the entrance of second generation immigrants
Economic self sufficiency law
at the turn of the century though Sweden introduced an economic self sufficiency requirement for those seeking reunification
Current situation on voting
Many new immigrants don’t have the opportunity to vote - thus they can’t object to the policies proposed by nationalist parties like the Swedish democrats who have had an increasingly imposing impact.
Tensta 2018 elections - an area designated as one of 23 vulnerable zones in Sweden
In the Swedish elections in 2018 in Tensta a district of stockholm where over 19,000 immigrants live, the turnout for voting was 30 % lower than the average.
Mainstreaming of far right ideas
The democrats won 17.5% of the vote in sep 2018 moving them to be the 3rd strongest party.
Fear
increase in crime and the number of vulnerable areas has led to widespread fear with around 20% feeling unsafe
Effect of gang wars- a scene created from big housing blocks dedicated and by default, segregating immigrants.
The number of gun involved crimes has risen to 40 in 2017- up from the 17 in 2011.
residency permits in 2015
the most of any year, totalling 150,000
Employment in vulnerable areas-
sits at around 25% less than the national average
15,000
are part of the gang scene- 67% of which are Swedish born- but the majority of these are second generation immigrants
Swedish house prices
Swedish house prices up 44% compared to 2012- almost tripled since 2012- meaning that when the immigrants arrive in the large accommodation blocks they are more or less trapped.
Officer shortages
half the number of officer per 100,000 residents as Germany.
In the 70s- easier residency
achieved through lowering the minimum stay period in order to achieve a permit to 5 years
Creation of the Swedish immigration board
80s- easier for people to leave countries.
1997
the possibility for over 18 year olds to apply for reunification with families was removed- preivously at 20 BUT
introduced a targeted integration policy whereby the integration of newcomers is supported and facilitated following arrival
At the end of 2005
the Swedish Parliament introduced a provisional act according to which persons have been refused entry but have not left Sweden can have their cases reassessed by the Migration Agency. A little over 30,000 people who had previously been refused entry were assessed in accordance with the provisional act.
To whom did the responsibilities of migration fall in 2006?
Municipalities
2013- Syrians
were granted permanent residency
2016 change
went from having the most relaxed laws in the EU to the minimum level of the EU- only granting temporary permits based on statuses such as convention refugees. For those who have failed asylum economic and social help is withdrawn all together
In the 60s what was the labour movement supply and demand like?
the labour movement was in a period of boom with much for the demand coming from companies like Volvo- they recruited employers from Italy- however at the end of this period, work dried up and immigrants could no longer expect to turn up and get jobs.
1968 saw the introduction of the Immigration act- but what changed thus
required a permit for all labour workers- in the 70s though, the tough economic conditions due to the oil crisis meant that there were was not much labour movement.
in 2004
the swedish government was one of only three EU nations to allow labour movement from other new EU members- but wasn’t a popular choice of destination due to the limited knowledge of the language.
restrictive aliens act
first passed in 1927- first immigration law
Haven for refugees
During the late seventies and early 80s a combination of international conflicts and political upheavals around the globe meant that the country of Sweden became a haven for refugees. It embraced many people fleeing from both cold war blocks
Deviation from the welfare sate of integration
2015-2016 refugee crisis
n Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm
he government launched a scheme to build 1 million new housing units to facilitate the rise in immigration- 1965
Religious tensions
200+ Swede have joined Islamic state
Reports of more conservative mosques in Sweden preaching radical Islamism
Reports of islamophobia doubled in the migration crisis
2.2. billion krona
granted to help integration- focusing on crime, housing, education and democracy- each year
7.1 billion krona
dedicated to policing funding before 2020
The Lucia decision of 1989
the social democratic gov said that only those with the Geneva convention criteria would be granted asylum. in 2015 the government deemed the situation an existential threat tot he welfare state in Sweden.
The 1991 election saw
an anti immigration party enter parliament for the first time
In 2008 the country entered what may be called a new labor immigration era
the government overhauled migration regulations to encourage companies to hire more low skilled workers from outside the EU.
Immigration scored
as one of the top issues in the 2014 and 2018 Swedish elections
in 1974
the state included a clause in its new constitution that saw the cultural ambitions of its immigrants protected
in 1977 the state
provided language tuition in a bid to manage the divide created by the lack of language knowledge
Sweden on new Danish laws
the Swedes, in the media, criticised the new laws introduce at the turn of the century- the law included the idea that one had to be of the age of 24 in order to marry a foreign spouse.
How were the immigrants regarded once entering Sweden- compared to Denmark
With Sweden the immigrants have always been seen as individuals, compared to in Denmark where they have often had identities frozen upon entering
