Suturing

Question 1

Wound

Answer 1

ocurs when the integrity of any tissue is compromised

Question 2

Abrasions

Answer 2

scrapes, when the skin is rubbed away by friction against another rough surface

Question 3

Avulsions

Answer 3

Occurs when an entire structure or part of it is forcibly pulled away, such as lose of a permanent tooth or an ear lobe

Question 4

Contusions

Answer 4

result from forceful trauma

Question 5

Crush wounds

Answer 5

when a heavy object falls onto a person, splitting the skin and shattering or tearing underlying structures

Question 6

Cuts

Answer 6

Slicing wounds made with a sharp instrument, leaving even edges

Question 7

Lacerations

Answer 7

separating wounds that produce ragged edges

produced by a tremendous force against the body

Question 8

Missile wounds

Answer 8

also called velocity wounds, they are caused by an object entering the body at a high speed

Question 9

Punctures

Answer 9

deep, narrow wounds produced by sharp objects such as nails, knives and broken glass

Question 10

Phases of healing

Answer 10

1. inflammatory phase
2. proliferative phase
3. maturation phase

Question 11

Inflammatory phase

Answer 11

0-3 days
activates vasodilation leading to increased blood flow causiing heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
wound ooze may be present
phagocytosis occurs by neutrophils

Question 12

Proliferative phase

Answer 12

3-24 days
body makes new blood vessels, which cover the surface of the wound
includes reconstruction and epithelialisation
wound becomes smaller as it heals as wound contraction occurs

Question 13

Maturation phase

Answer 13

24-365 days
when scar tissue is formed
fibroclasts decrease in number, vascularisation decreases and the tensile strength of the wound increases

Question 14

Objectives of wound dressing

Answer 14

reduce pain
apply compression for haemorrhage or venous stasis
immobilise 
protect the wound and surrounding tissue
promote moist wound healing

Question 15

Wound colours

Answer 15

pink - final stages of wound healing
red - granulating wound with new tissue filling deficit
yellow - contains a level of slough
black - outer layer of thick hard eschar

Question 16

Exudate

Answer 16

produced by all wounds and contains nutrients, energy and growth 
Contains high quantities of WBCs
cleanses the wound
maintains a moist environment
promoted epithelialisation

Question 17

Actions in maggot therapy

Answer 17

clean the wounds by dissolving dead and infected tissue
disinfect the wound
speed the rate of healing

Question 18

Causes of delayed wound healing

Answer 18

malnutrition 
reduced blood supply
medication
chemo
radiotherapy
obesity
infection
underlying disease
maceration 
inappropriate wound management
pt compliance 
unrelieved pressure
immonility
substance abuse

Question 19

Cutting needle

Answer 19

used for suturing skin

very sharp tip with sharp edges which are needed to pass through skin

Question 20

tapered needle

Answer 20

sharp tip with smooth edges and are less traumatic to surrounding tissues
used on deeper, subcutaneous tissues, blood vessels and intestinal anastomoses

Question 21

Suturing techniques

Answer 21

evert the skin edges
get the underlying dermis from both sides of the wound to touch
needle to enter at a 90 degree angle to the skin 3-5mm from wound edge