sustainable housing spatial distribution (chapter 9)

Question 1

how does housing affect the natural environment

Answer 1

1. use of natural resources
2. environmental pollution

Question 2

explain use of natural resources

Answer 2

• building of houses → more space → forests cleared
• bigger population → more resources needed

Question 3

what are the natural resources that we use

Answer 3

• furniture → forests (wood)
• electricity → natural gases (needs to be extracted from environment)
• water → surface sources
• food → animals/vegetation (can be across the globe)

Question 4

explain environmental pollution

Answer 4

cities pollute the enviornment → harm animals/plants/humans

Question 5

examples of environmental pollution

3

Answer 5

• land pollution
• water pollution
• air pollution

Question 6

explain land pollution

Answer 6

• soil pollution (another term)
• garbage, industrail waste, impact from mining etc. → long term damage to land → hard and unsafe to build houses

Question 7

where do we produce our waste

4

Answer 7

• factories
• offices
• schools
• homes

Question 8

what are some ways cities dispose of their waste

Answer 8

• landfills
• incinirate

Question 9

explain water pollution

(cause + how to minimise it)

Answer 9

• caused by surface run-off
• can be minimised through proper waste management and usage of natural fertilisers and pesticides instead of chemicals

Question 10

untreated/poorly treated sewage can be low in _ and high in _

Answer 10

• dissolved oxygen
• pollutants such as faecal coliform, nitrates, phophorus, other bacteria and chemicals

Question 11

treated sewage can be high in _ as the proccess of removing them from waste water is

Answer 11

• nitrates
• prone to contamination

Question 12

ground and surface water can be contaminated due to _

Answer 12

• garbage dumps
• toxic waste
• chemical storage
• use areas
• leaking fuel storage tanks
• intentional dumping of hazardous substances

Question 13

water chemestry in water bodies can be also altered due to _

Answer 13

• acid rain
• nitrate deposition
• ammonium deposition

Question 14

explain air pollution

(cause + impact of reducing)

Answer 14

• human activities (burning of fossil fuel etc.) pollutes the air
• reduce air pollution levels in cities → many respiratory illnesses (e.g. astma) can be avoided

Question 15

how to reduce air pollution

Answer 15

• increase public transport ridership
• encourage use of solar power

Question 16

what is the big problem with urbanisation

Answer 16

concentrating people in a particular area → concentrates their waste

Question 17

how does access to housing affect people

Answer 17

1. provision of basic needs
2. presence of ammenities
3. presence of communities

Question 18

explain provision of basic needs

Answer 18

• provides shelter (human neccesity)
• formal housing allows access to sanitisation (quality of life)
• → reduces the outbreak of diseases and improves peoples well being
• → makes access for water and electricity easier (due to infrastructure)

Question 19

explain presence of ammenities

Answer 19

• formal housing has access to food through grocery shops, eateries and markets
• access to medical services and goods and services
• → can be aquired from nearby areas

Question 20

definition of ammenities

Answer 20

desirable or useful feature of a place that makes life easier for its residents

Question 21

explain presence of communities

Answer 21

• formal housing meets social needs
• housing developments have spaces for social gathering (community centres allow neighbours to get to know each other)
• → sense of belonging and inclusivity for the residents

Question 22

how can housing be sustainably managed

Answer 22

1. integrated land use planning
2. provision of inclusive public housing
3. enviornmental features in buildings
4. improvements to conditions of slums

Question 23

explain integrated land use planning

Answer 23

• important that housing is not built independently and away from other city functions
• → requires the coordination of many stake holders → difficult to do in countires where different groups have different perspective

Question 24

definition of integrated land use planning

Answer 24

the process by which the needs of different groups and their competing demands can be resolved to ensure sustainable development of the city

Question 25

explain provision of inclusive public housing

Answer 25

• cities grow sustainably → important to cater to different groups
• needs to include everyone (e.g. children, large families, elderly, disabled)

Question 26

explain environmental features in buildings

Answer 26

housing needs to incoporate environmental friendly technology

Question 27

examples of environmental features in buildings

Answer 27

• solar panels → common lighting
• green walls and roofs → surrouding temperatures ↓

Question 28

explain improvements to conditions of slums

Answer 28

governments have come to realise it is more sustainable to enhance the living conditions for these people living in slums

Question 29

by improving conditions of slums_

Answer 29

• residents are motivated to invest in their own housing and community
• gives better access to clean water and food → risk of diseases ↓