Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

yr 2 geog > sustainable cities (chapter 7) > Flashcards

sustainable cities (chapter 7) Flashcards

1
Q

what is sustainable development

A

developement that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a city

A

urban area within a country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the features that make cities unique

A
  • large population size
  • built up area
  • high population density
  • range of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain large population size

(how it makes a city unique)

A
  • cities have many people who live and work in them
  • they have a large population size compared to other locations in the country
  • countries use different guidelines to identify their cities (e.g. minimum population size)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain built up area

(how it makes a city unique)

A
  • the land is mostly covered by buildings
  • cities have extensive infrastructure
  • usually provided by the government
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain range of functions

(how it makes a city unique)

A
  • a range of functions and activities
  • e.g. administrative functions and commercials and educational activities
  • provides a range of ammenities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain high population density

(how it makes a city unique)

A

cities typically have a higher population density compared to other areas in their country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to calculate population density

A

number of people living in an area / land area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

definition of ammenities

A

facilities that allow people to live comfortably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

definition of infrastructure

A

basic services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the relationship between cities and rural areas

A
  1. Cities rely on rural areas for much of their food supply.
  2. Rural farmers bring their goods to markets in the cities to sell.
  3. Rural inhabitants also go to the city for amenities that are not available in the countryside or villages e.g. Specialized medical care, University education, Goods that are only found in certain shops in cities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do cities affect their inhabitants and their enviornment

A
  1. provide opportunities for inhabitants
  2. challenges (on the environment)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some opportunities for the inhabitants

A
  1. education and employment
  2. good location for businesses and industries
  3. technological innovation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain education and employment

A
  • Cities are centres for learning. They contain many educational institutions like vocational schools and universities that enable people to gain education.
  • Education → useful knowledge and skills → Employment → Higher income → able to purchase goods and services for higher quality of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explain good location for businesses and industries

A

Cities have good infrastructure, large populations (many workers and customers) and services available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain technological innovation

A
  • High concentration of skilled workers
  • education institutions and government funding encourages technological innovation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of technological innovation

A
  • shading
  • transport
  • vegetation
  • building facade
  • water bodies and features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of shading

(+ explain)

A

sheltered bus stops and covered walkways → installed to provide shade and shield from rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

example of transport

(+ explain)

A

use of public transport → cycling, walking → help to reduce heat production from transport sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

example of vegetation

A

greenery on roofs and building facades → prevent sunlight from heating up the buildings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

example of building facade

A

light-coloured surfaces → help reflect sunlight to reduce heat absorption

22
Q

example of water bodies and features

A

ponds and pools in the design of urban spaces → help prevent overheating

23
Q

what are the challenges on the enviornment

A
  • water pollution
  • air pollution
  • competition of natural resources
24
Q

explain water pollution

A
  • water supplies in cities are often affected by improper management of household and industrial waste due to inadequette or broken sewage systems
  • waste is disposed directly or leaked into waterways → water quality ↓
  • threatens human and aquatic life
25
Q

explain air pollution

A
  • prolonged exposure to air pollution → respiratory infections (lung cancer, heart disease, death)
  • poor health → ↑ demand in health care
26
Q

what are the natural resources that would have competition

A
  • land
  • water
27
Q

explain competition for land resources

A
  • when cities need to accomodate for their growing population → expand to rural areas, replacing farmlands, forests, levelling hills
  • cause unhappiness when residents need to re-locate
28
Q

explain competition of water resources

A
  • cities need to ensure continual supply
  • this is compromised by competition for land → limits construction of expansion of reservoirs
  • water catchment areas and ground water affected as more natural vegetation is converted to concrete surfaces
29
Q

how can cities be managed sustainably

A
  1. environmental management
  2. improve quality of life
30
Q

different ways to manage the environment

A
  1. management of physical environment
  2. reduce water pollution
  3. reduce air pollution through laws
  4. management of hazards
  5. use better quality materials
  6. land use planning
31
Q

explain management of physical environment

A
  • peoples actions and activities → large amounts of waste and pollutants (enviornmental footprint)
  • this leads to pollution → reduces the quality of physical environment and sustainability
32
Q

how to reduce water pollution

A

water treatment ponds

33
Q

explain water treatment ponds

A
  • when it rains → rainwater mixes with nutrients from nearby farms and flow into the reservoir → reduce water quality
  • farms set up drains around their farm plots and water treatment ponds to channel and collect rainwater and access nutrients
34
Q

plants such as _ and _ are grown in the water treatement plants to _

A
  • cattails
  • fragrant pandan
  • purify water
35
Q

explain reducing air pollution through laws

A
  • cities have adopted the APPCAP → government to regulate peoples actions and industrial activities
  • cities have implemented a license plate lottery policy → limits the number of new vehicles that can be registered
36
Q

what does APPCAP stand for

A

air pollution prevention and control action plan

37
Q

explain management of hazards

A
  • impact of hazards ↑ through large population size, high population density and widespread builtup areas
  • if not managed well → human cost of injuries and death + economic cost ↑
38
Q

what are hazards

A

events that have a negetive impact on people and enviornment

39
Q

what are the 2 types of hazards

A
  • human included
  • natural
40
Q

what is human included hazards

A

arise from human actions or inactions

41
Q

what is natural hazards

A

arise from processes in the physical environment

42
Q

explain use of better quality material

A
  • buildings need to be of good quality to withstand the threat of hazards
  • hazard occurs → collapse of building, infrastruture damage, injuries and death
43
Q

explain land use planning

A

planning agencies may disallow some of the uses and construction in unsafe areas to prevent hazards from happening

44
Q

what is land use planning

A

making decisions on how land resources will be used

45
Q

how to improve quality of life

A
  1. provide safe housing
  2. providing a variety of transport modes
  3. considering the needs of different groups
46
Q

explain providing a safe housing

A

when housing is insufficent/too expensive → people build their own houses without permission(squatter settlement)

47
Q

what are the houses usually made out of

(squatter settlements)

A
  • recycled material
  • plastic sheets
  • wooden planks
  • zinc sheets
48
Q

where are squatter settlements found

A
  • steep slopes
  • along railway tracks

(unsafe locations)

49
Q

explain providing a variety of transport modes

A
  • more transport options → travelling around the city will be eaiser
  • more affordable than cars
  • enviornmental pollution in cities ↓ as cars on road ↓ → fossil fuel consumption and emissions ↓
50
Q

what are the main transport modes

A
  • land
  • air
  • sea
51
Q

explain considering the needs of different groups

A
  • many cities have ageing population
  • ensure good quality → cities need to be designed with the elderly and disabled in consideration
  • create a built environment that is safe + accessible for everyone

(e.g. pedestrain paths, 1.8m width)

yr 2 geog (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions