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G4 > Sustainable Food > Flashcards

Sustainable Food Flashcards

1
Q

How many people were living with food insecurity in 2006?

A

850 million

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2
Q

What did the Green Revolution bring?

A

globally food was grown at lower cost, and globalisation has facilitated the movement of food more cheaply over larger distances

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3
Q

How many are in food entitlement deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

96%

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4
Q

How many more people per year join the world’s hungry?

A

4 million

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5
Q

What are the short term threats to food availability?

A

Climate change, biofuels competition

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6
Q

What are the two types of farming technique?

A

Eco-centric or techno-centric

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7
Q

What are under pressure at a farm level?

A

Soil, water and biodiversity

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8
Q

What does under-nourishment register at?

A

Less than 2000 calories per day

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9
Q

What does under-nutrition do?

A

Weakens people’s ability to fight infection - accounting for 12% deaths worldwide

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10
Q

What the root causes of under-nutrition?

A

Unfair trade, trade restrictions and SAPsMilitary and civil conflictShort term climate change

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11
Q

How many adults are overweight in the world?

A

1.6 billion adults (25%)

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12
Q

What is the western-style diet known as?

A

Globesity

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13
Q

What does overnutrition lead to?

A
  • Cardiovascular disease- Diabetes- Musculoskeletal disease- reduced life expectancy
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14
Q

What is the correlation between obesity and affluency?

A

There is not a straightforward correlation between between levels of affluency and obesity

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15
Q

Why are the Russian Steppes fertile lands?

A

Fertile, deep black chernozem soils, key supplier of foods

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of soil?

A

Depth, degree of acidity, moisture-holding capacity, texture and susceptibility to erosion

17
Q

What are the threats of:- Machinery- Chemical Fertilisers- Pesticides- Herbicides and fungicides- Anti-biotics

A
  • Machinery: Pollution - fossil fuel consumption + increased air miles- Chemical Fertilisers: Pollution - eutrophication of water- Pesticides: Toxic materials such as DDT entering the food chain- Herbicides and fungicides: Same as above- Anti-biotics: Anti-biotic resistant bacteria
18
Q

Two ways of improving food supply

A

Intensification: yielding more from existing farm landsExtensification: New areas are farmed in marginal lands made possible by tech

19
Q

What was the Green Revolution?

A
  • 1960s, increased production in Asia and Africa through High Yield Varieties (HYV) of wheat, rice, maize, sorghum and millet- Talks of a second Green Revolution - Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) = Rockerfeller and Gates funded - integrated pest management (IPM)
20
Q

what is the Gene Revolution?

A

Genetic modification - DNA splicing to gain resistance to herbicidesTNC controlled, such as Monsanto

21
Q

What are the arguments against gm crops?

A
  • could virtually eliminate biodiversity- few tncs control - monopoly - seeds are infertile - problem is not shortage, but distribution of food- fear of Frankenstein crops
22
Q

What was the blue revolution?

A

Aquaculture - growth of fish in controlled environments - industry is growing some 10% per year

23
Q

What are the issues with technological advances

A

Maintenance issues - expensive - Russian donations of tractors to Africa symbolic

24
Q

What is high technology?

A

Precision / smart farming - information technology to optimise output Satellite navigation - 2cm fuel and seed supply accuracy PNT technology - using controlled fertilisers - amine Infrared technology to scan soils - degradation in Kenya

25
Q

Intermediate technology, what is it?

A

Low tech ideas - permaculture, zero grazing technology

26
Q

What is Via Campesina?

A

Global international peasant movement - food sovereignty over security

G4 (6 decks)

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