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Engineering and Technology Foundation > Sustainability > Flashcards

Sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

What is climate change?

A

A significant long term shift in weather patterns caused mainly by human activities.

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2
Q

What is global warming?

A

Build up of greenhouse gases like co2 in the atmosphere, which trap heat.

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3
Q

Name 8 impactful effects of climate change

A
  • Global temperature increase
  • Drought
  • Famine
  • Wild fire
  • loss of marine life
  • ocean acidification
  • flooding
  • melting of ice -> sea levels rising
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4
Q

What is sustainability?

A

It implies a change from the way we’ve met our energy needs in the past to how we’re going to have to think about them in the future.

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5
Q

Why is sustainability important?

A
  • Improves the quality of our lives
  • Protects our ecosystem
  • preserves natural resources
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6
Q

What are the 3 principles of sustainability?

A
  1. The economy
  2. Society
  3. The environment
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7
Q

What are the four components of the universe?

A
  • Time
  • Space
  • Mass
  • Energy
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8
Q

What are the 4 universal forces?

A
  • strong nuclear force
  • weak nuclear force
  • electromagnetic force
  • gravitational force
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9
Q

What is the function and relative strength of strong nuclear force?

A

RS = 1
- Holds atomic nuclei together

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10
Q

What is the function and relative strength of electromagnetic force?

A

RS = 10^-2
- Binds atoms to molecules

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11
Q

What is the function and relative strength of weak nuclear force?

A

RS = 10^-13
- Radioactivity (Beta decay)

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12
Q

What is the function and relative strength of gravitational force?

A

RS = 10^-38
- Attraction between objects with mass

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13
Q

Define energy

A

Energy is the ability to do work

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14
Q

What is work?

A

The transfer of energy.
E.g. Wind turning a turbine and sunlight to electrons in solar PV.

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15
Q

What is the 3 part definition of work?

A
  1. The force must be applied to an object
  2. The object must move
  3. The object must move in the same direction as the force
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16
Q

What are the 2 categories of energy?

A
  • Kinetic (active) energy
  • Potential (stored) energy
17
Q

How can Kinetic energy generate electricity?

A
  • Heating from the sun
  • creates pressure differentials
  • wind and ocean currents result p
  • use moving mass to turn a turbine to generate electricity
18
Q

Name 3 renewable energy examples for kinetic energy

A
  1. Wind turbines
  2. Flowing water turbines
  3. Wave energy devices
19
Q

How can thermal energy generate electricity?

A
  • increase molecular vibration (kinetic energy)
  • heat liquids to make steam to drive electric turbines
20
Q

Name 2 thermal energy sources that can generate electricity

A

Geothermal resources
Solar parabolic troughs

21
Q

How can gravitational energy be used to generate electricity?

A
  • Gravity between earth moon and sun
  • creates ocean tides on earth
  • use tides to drive turbines and generate electricity
22
Q

Name 1 renewable energy example for gravitational energy

A

Tidal “barrage” dams

23
Q

How can potential energy be used to generate electricity?

A
  • Potential energy is mass held in a gravity field.
  • Release mass to fall (transfer to kinetic energy)
  • Kinetic energy turns turbines to generate electricity
24
Q

What are some renewable energy examples for potential energy?

A

Hydroelectric dams

25
Q

How can chemical energy be used for generating electricity?

A
  • bonds between atoms
  • breaking bonds releases electrical and/or heat energy
26
Q

Name 2 renewable energy examples of chemical energy and explain they use electricity.

A

Fuel cells
- Generate electricity from hydrogen fuel cells
Battery
- store electricity generated by other means

27
Q

Name 6 sources of renewable energy

A

Wind energy (wind turbines)
Thermal energy (solar panels)
Gravitational energy (tides)
Potential energy (dams)
Electromagnetic energy (Solar photovoltaics (PV))
Chemical energy (fuel cells)

28
Q

Name 5 non renewable sources of energy

A
  • Petroleum
  • Hydrocarbon gas liquids
  • natural gas
  • coal
  • nuclear energy

Engineering and Technology Foundation (5 decks)

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