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Engineering and Technology Foundation > Electrical Engineering > Flashcards

Electrical Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has weight.

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2
Q

What are elements?

A

Elements are the building blocks of matter.

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3
Q

How many elements are in the periodic table?

A

There are over 100 known elements in the periodic table.

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is the chemical combination between two or more elements.

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5
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is the smallest part of a compound that still retains its properties.

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6
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest part of an element that still retains the characteristics of an element.

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7
Q

What is the structure of an atom?

A

An atom consist of a nucleus at the centre which contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). Electrons orbit the nucleus and are negatively charged.

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8
Q

What are the individual orbits called in an atom?

A

Shells.

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9
Q

Why do we need to know the subatomic structure?

A

To identify the properties of materials we use in electronics and understand where voltage comes from.

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10
Q

What are conductors?

A
  • Materials that rapidly affect the flow of electrons.
  • Materials that have 3 or less electrons in the valence shell.
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11
Q

What are insulators?

A
  • materials that prevent the flow of electricity.
  • materials that have 5 or more electrons in the valence shell.
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12
Q

What are semiconductors?

A
  • Materials that can be altered to function as either a conductor or an insulator.
  • have 4 electrons in the valence shell.
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13
Q

Define Current

A

The movement of electrons from negatively charged atoms to positively charged atoms.

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14
Q

How is current measured?

A

Current is measured in amperes.

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15
Q

How many electrons are in a coulomb?

A

6.24x10^18

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16
Q

Define amperes

A

one coulomb of charge moving past a single point in one second.

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17
Q

Define voltage

A

Voltage is the force that moves electrons in the circuit.

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18
Q

How is voltage measured?

A

In volts (V)

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19
Q

What is potential difference?

A
  • The ability of a source to perform electrical work.
  • The difference in potential causes electrons to move or flow in a circuit. (E.M.F)
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20
Q

Define resistance

A

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons.

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21
Q

Do conductors have low or high resistance to current flow?

A

Conductors have low resistance.

22
Q

Do insulators have high or low resistance to current flow?

A

Insulators have high resistance to current flow.

23
Q

How is resistance measured?

A

In ohms (Ω)

24
Q

What is the value of giga?

A

x10^9

25
Q

What is the value of mega?

A

x10^6

26
Q

What is the value for kilo?

A

x10^3

27
Q

What is the value for centi?

A

x10^-2

28
Q

What is the value of milli?

A

x10^3

29
Q

What is the value of micro (μ)

A

x10^-6

30
Q

What is the value of nano? (n)

A

x10^-9

31
Q

What is the value of pico (p)

A

x10^-12

32
Q

What is resistance?

A

The opposition to the electron flow in a circuit

33
Q

How is resistance affected by temperature?

A

The higher the temperature the higher the resistance

34
Q

How is resistance affected by the size/diameter of the conductor?

A

The larger the diameter, the smaller the resistance

35
Q

What is resistivity?

A

A measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electrical current

36
Q

Describe conductance

A

The ability of a material to pass electrons
Unit is mho and measured in Siemens (S)
G (conductance) = 1/R

37
Q

Describe conductance

A

The ability of a material to pass electrons
Unit is mho and measured in Siemens (S)
G (conductance) = 1/R

38
Q

What are the two classes of resistors?

A

Fixed and variable

39
Q

What is tolerance and what is the amount that is acceptable?

A

Tolerance is the amount a resistor may vary but still be acceptable.

10% tolerance

40
Q

What do the bands on a resistor represent?

A

1 and 2 = first and second digits
3 = power of ten multiplier
4 = tolerance

41
Q

What is the structure of a variable resistor?

A

A resistive element is connected to 2 terminals and a 3rd terminal is attached to a moveable wiper which is connected to a shaft.

42
Q

What is the structure of a variable resistor?

A

A resistive element is connected to 2 terminals and a 3rd terminal is attached to a moveable wiper which is connected to a shaft.

43
Q

What is a variable resistor used to control voltage called?

A

Potentiometer

44
Q

What is a variable resistor used to control current called?

A

Rheostat

45
Q

What is a compound circuit?

A

A circuit with series and parallel aspects.

46
Q

What is the formula for resistance in series

A

R = R1 + R2 + R3…….

47
Q

What is the relationship between resistance and current in parallel?

A

The more resistors connected in parallel, the less opposition there is to current flow

48
Q

What is the formula for resistance in parallel

A

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ……

49
Q

What is ohms law?

A

The current in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance in a circuit.

50
Q

What is the relationship between voltage, current and resistance?

A

V = IR

51
Q

What are the steps for determining unknown quantities in a circuit?

A

Draw a schematic of the circuit
Label all known quantities
Solve for equivalent circuits
Redraw the circuit

Engineering and Technology Foundation (5 decks)

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