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Materials Equations > Sustainability > Flashcards

Sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 sections of sustainability?

A

Environmental, social, economic

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2
Q

What is embodied energy?

A

The quantity of energy required to process, ‘embodied carbon’

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3
Q

What has a higher embodied energy, steel or concrete?

A

Steel has much higher embodied energy.

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4
Q

What is operational energy?

A

The energy required during the entire service life of a built asset, e.g. heating etc.

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5
Q

What is the difference between operational energy and embodied energy?

A

Embodied energy occurs once, whereas operational energy accumulates across the lifetime.

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6
Q

As buildings become more efficient, what will happen?

A

The focus will be more on embodied energy as operational energy is minimised.

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7
Q

Why is a life-cycle assessment used?

A

To quantify the overall sustainability of the design proposal

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8
Q

What 5 stages is the life-cycle assessment broken up into?

A

Raw material extraction, manufacturing, construction, operation and demolition

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9
Q

What is a ‘cradle to grave’ life cycle assesement?

A

Doing a life-cycle assesement for the entire structure

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10
Q

What is a ‘cradle to grate’ life cycle assesement?

A

Extraction to delivery segment of the life cycle

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11
Q

What is the most important consideration to achieving sustainable development?

A

Reduce the the use and demand of new materials

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12
Q

List 5 things to make a project more sustainable:

A

-Innotive design methods
-Avoid wastage
-Reuse the structure
-Recycle
-Make the structure durable

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13
Q

Why is wood considered as carbon neutral?

A

Wood absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to release oxygen, stored carbon is released when wood burns/decays

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14
Q

Why does timber gain a carbon footprint?

A

When wood is dried into timber and transported

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15
Q

For timber to be labelled sustainable, what needs to be done?

A

The process from leaving the forest to being processed needs to be documented.

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16
Q

What are the positive sustainability aspects of concrete?

A

-Raw materials are cheap and easily ready
-Durable and require minimum maintenance
-High thermal mass (can store heating)
-Can be recycled
-Good fire resistance and is non-toxic

17
Q

What is the negative sustainability aspect of concrete?

A

85% of the embodied carbon is due to the cement
C02 emissions

18
Q

How can you make concrete more sustainable?

A

Use cement replacements to reduce the amount of cement needed, e.g. use fly ash.

19
Q

What percent of steel is used in the construction industry?

A

50 %

20
Q

Is steel recycable?

A

Yes

21
Q

Is steel ever wasted?

A

It is controlled and not wasteful, offering high sustainablity

22
Q

As steel has a high strength to weight ratio, how does this make it sustainable?

A

Little steel goes a long way, meaning less transportation, so less embedded energy

23
Q

What by-product does steel make?

A

Fly ash

24
Q

As corrosion and fire threaten steel, meaning it has to have protective coatings, what does this mean?

A

Steel has a higher carbon footprint

25
Q

Why is brick manufacturing unsustainable?

A

Firing bricks to 100 degrees is energy intensive

26
Q

As clay is a natural resource, what does this mean?

A

It should be extracted and used responsibly

27
Q

What is the brick industry introducing?

A

Using recycled material into brick products

28
Q

Name 3 materials that have been turned into brick:

A

-Colliery spill, dredged silt, and sewage sludge

29
Q

When designing masonry, what should the engineer consider?

A

The ease of reclamation, cleaning and re-use of the bricksW

30
Q

What can masonry also be used as?

A

Thermal mass, making it more sustainable

31
Q

Is the manufacturing of advanced composites sustainable?

A

Very carbon and energy intensitive

32
Q

As composites have high strength-weight ratios, what does this mean?

A

Less supporting material is needed

33
Q

As composites do not rust, what does this mean?

A

Less maintenance is required

34
Q

What makes composites environmentally excellent?

A

Stiffness, strength and durability

35
Q

What happens to CFRP scap?

A

Decomposes into resin, leaving clean carbon fibres, which can be made into plastics

36
Q

What happens to glass fibre reinforced polymers?

A

Polymer is burnt for energy

Materials Equations (11 decks)

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