Survivors of abuse and neglect Flashcards
what is abuse?
Maltreatment of one person by another
Most injuries attributed to intimate partner violence
who does abuse impact?
Abuse affects all populations equally
Abuse affects all races, religions, economic classes, ages, and educational backgrounds
Patterns of abuse
Laws exist to protect children and the elderly
factors of assessment for abuse
Battering
Intimate partner violence
Profile of the victim (Any age, racial, religious, cultural, educational, and socioeconomic group)
Low self-esteem
Inadequate support systems
Possibly raised in abusive homes
cycle of battering: phase I
tension - building phase
cycle of battering: phase II
acute battering incident
cycle of battering: phase III
Calm, loving, respite (honeymoon) phase
why do those experiencing abuse stay?
Fear
Lack of financial resources
Lack of a support network
Cultural/religious reasons
Lack of attention to danger
Hopefulness
signs of physical child abuse
Unexplained injuries
Fading bruises or other marks
Child is frightened of adults
Shrinks at approach of adults
Child reports injury by parent or caregiver
Abuses animals or pets
Physical child abuse may be suspected when the parent or other adult caregiver:
Conflicting, unconvincing, or no explanation for child’s injury
Describes child as “evil,” or in very negative way
Uses harsh physical discipline with the child
Has a history of abuse as a child
Has a history of abusing animals or pets
indicators of child emotional abuse
Extremes of behavior
Inappropriately adult or infantile behavior
Delays in physical or emotional development
Suicide attempts
Lack of attachment to the parent
Emotional child abuse may be suspected when the parent or other adult caregiver:
Constantly blames, belittles, or berates the child
Is unconcerned about the child and refuses to consider offers of help for the child’s problems
Overtly rejects the child
physical neglect of a child
Refusal of or delay in seeking health care
Abandonment
Expulsion from the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home
Inadequate supervision
emotional neglect of children
Chronic failure by parent or caretaker to provide child with hope, love, and support necessary for development of a sound, healthy personality
behavioral indicators of neglect
Is frequently absent from school
Begs or steals food or money
Lacks needed medical or dental care, immunizations, or glasses
Is consistently dirty and has severe body odor
Lacks sufficient clothing for the weather
Abuses alcohol or other drugs
States that there is no one at home to provide care
The possibility of neglect may be considered when the parent or other adult caregiver:
Appears to be indifferent to the child
Seems apathetic or depressed
Behaves irrationally or in a bizarre manner
Is abusing alcohol or other drugs
indicators of sexual abuse
Has difficulty walking or sitting
Suddenly refuses to change for gym or to participate in physical activities
Reports nightmares or bedwetting
Experiences a sudden change in appetite
Bizarre, sophisticated, or unusual sexual behavior
Becomes pregnant or contracts a STD
Runs away
Reports sexual abuse
Attaches quickly to strangers
Sexual violence includes any act of:
Sexual coercion including penetration
Unwanted sexual contact
Noncontact unwanted sexual experiences
rape
long term effects of rape depends largely on:q
Social support system
Coping mechanisms
Way he or she was treated as a victim
Two emotional patterns of response that may occur within hours after a rape
Expressed response pattern - angry, sad, depressed, guilty, etc
Controlled response pattern - feeling numb
manifestations of sexual violence
Contusions and abrasions-various body parts
Headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances
Stomach pains, nausea and vomiting
Vaginal discharge and itching, burning upon urination, rectal bleeding and pain
Rage, humiliation, embarrassment, desire for revenge, and self-blame
Fear of physical violence and death
Nursing diagnoses for the client who has been abused may include
Rape-trauma syndrome
Powerlessness
Risk for delayed development
outcome identification for client who has been sexually assaulted:
Is no longer experiencing panic anxiety.
Demonstrates a degree of trust in the primary nurse.
Has received immediate attention to physical injuries.
outcome identification of client who has been physically battered:
Has received immediate attention to physical injuries.
Verbalizes assurance of his or her immediate safety.
Can verbalize choices from which he or she may receive assistance.
planning for victems of abuse
Provide shelter
Promote reassurance of his or her safety
Tending to physical injuries
Staying with the client to provide security
Assisting the client to recognize options
Promoting trust
Reporting to authorities when there is reason to suspect child abuse or neglect
