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Psych Exam 2 > Bipolar Disorder > Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

pervasive and sustained emotion

A

mood

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2
Q

emotional reaction associated with an experience

A

affect

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3
Q

alterations in mood associated with mania

A

Elation
Inflated self-esteem
Grandiosity
Hyperactivity
Agitation
Racing thoughts
Accelerated speech

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4
Q

appr ___ million american adult are affect by bipolar disorder

A

5.7

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5
Q

average onset age of bipolar disorder

A

early 20s

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6
Q

bipolar is more common in ___

A

single people
higher socioeconomic classes

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7
Q

bipolar disorder is the ___ leading cause of disability in middle age

A

6th

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8
Q

what is bipolar disorder?

A

-Characterized by mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria/mania
-Intervening periods of stable mood!!!
-Delusions or hallucinations possible - severe ends of spectrum
-Onset of symptoms may reflect seasonal pattern (light)
-Hypomania - mild mania - able to function

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9
Q

what is catatonic?

A

sever immobility
may not eat or drink (malnutrition)

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10
Q

characteristics for bipolar I disorder

A

Full syndrome of manic or mixed symptoms
Possible episodes of depression
Psychotic (delusions) or catatonic (severe immobility) features possible
covers the entire mood spectrum

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11
Q

characteristics for bipolar II disorder

A

Major depression with episodic occurrence of hypomania
Never met criteria for full manic episode

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12
Q

characteristics for cyclothymic disorder

A

Chronic mood disturbance
At least 2-years
Numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood

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13
Q

Direct result of the physiological effects of a substance

A

substance-induced bipolar disorder

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14
Q

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and excessive activity or energy

A

bipolar disorder associated with another medical condition

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15
Q

genetic factors and stats for bipolar disorder

A

Concordance rate for bipolar disorder among monozygotic twins at 60-80%
Compared to 10-20% in dizygotic twins
If one parent has a mood disorder, risk that a child will have a mood disorder is between 10-25%
Biochemical influences

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16
Q

bipolar disorder shows what neuroanatomical dysfunction:

A

Prefrontal cortex - impulse control, rational thought, decision making
basal ganglia -
temporal and frontal lobes of forebrain
parts of limbic system - emotional brain

17
Q

bipolar medication side effects

A

Steroids frequently used to treat multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Amphetamines (stimulants), antidepressants, and high doses of anticonvulsants and narcotics

18
Q

Bipolar disorder results from an interaction between genetic, biological and psychosocial determinants

A

transactional model of stress and adaption

19
Q

atypical symptoms for children with dipolar disorder

A

non-discrete mood episodes
chronic irritability
temper tantrums

very hard to diagnose

20
Q

treatment strategies for bipolar disorder in children

A

psychopharmacology

21
Q

most common comorbid condition in childhood

A

ADHD - may exacerbate mania

22
Q

family interventions

A

psychoeducation
communication training
problem-solving skills training

23
Q

how does gender affect diagnosis of bipolar

A

roughly equal

24
Q

nursing process/assessment of stage I hypomania

A

MILD
Cheerful mood
Rapid flow of ideas
Heightened perception
Increased motor activity

25
Q

nursing process/assessment for stage II acute mania

A

EXACERBATION
Elation and euphoria
Continuous “high”
Flight of ideas
Accelerated, pressured speech
Hallucinations and delusions
Excessive motor activity
Social and sexual inhibition
Little need for sleep

26
Q

nursing process/assessment stage III delirious mania

A

Labile (unstable) mood; panic anxiety
Clouding of consciousness
Disorientation
Frenzied psychomotor activity
Exhaustion and possibly death without intervention

27
Q

nursing process for nursing diagnosis: risk for violence

A

-Remove all dangerous objects from the environment
-Maintain a calm attitude
-If restraint is deemed necessary, ensure that sufficient staff is available to assist
-Goals and interventions

28
Q

nursing process for nursing diagnosis:: impaired social interaction

A

-Set limits on manipulative behaviors
-Do not argue, bargain, or try to reason with the client
-Provide positive reinforcement
-Goals and interventions

29
Q

planning portion of nursing diagnosis for bipolar disorder

A

The client:
Exhibits no evidence of physical injury
Has not harmed self or others
Is no longer exhibiting signs of physical agitation
Eats a well-balanced diet with snacks to prevent weight loss and maintain nutritional status
Verbalizes an accurate interpretation of the environment

30
Q

evaluation of care for manic episodes

A

Has the individual avoided personal injury?
Has violence to client or others been prevented?
Has agitation subsided?
Have nutritional status and weight been stabilized
Have delusions and hallucinations ceased?
Is the client able to make decisions about own self-care?

31
Q

treatment modalities for manic episodes

A

Individual psychotherapy
Group therapy
Family therapy
Cognitive therapy

32
Q

ECT is used as occasional treatment for ___

A

episodes of acute mania

33
Q

why would ECT be used for acute mania treatment

A

When client does not tolerate lithium or other drug treatment
When life is threatened by dangerous behavior or exhaustion

34
Q

medications for mania

A

Lithium carbonate
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics

35
Q

medications for depressive phase of bipolar disorder

A

Use antidepressants with CAUTION
Could activate mania

36
Q

factors for recovery model for bipolar disorders

A

Exhibiting self-awareness
Becoming an expert on the disorder
Taking medications regularly
Recognizing earliest symptoms
Identifying and reducing sources of stress
Knowing when to seek help
Developing a personal support system
Managing lifestyle factors such as sleep time and exercise
Developing a plan for emergencies

Psych Exam 2 (9 decks)

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