Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bmsc > Survival guide > Flashcards

Survival guide Flashcards

1
Q

Leading strand replication

A

Polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RNA

A

ribose, uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the DNA helix wrap around?

A

Positive histone octomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lagging strand replication

A

Ligase and Ozaki fragmments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 rosette

A

6 loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1 coil

A

30 rosettes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1 sister chromatid

A

10 coils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromosome

A

2 chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense and form part of the mitotic spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the centre of the dividing cell. Microtubules attach to each chromosome centromere via the kineticore.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anaphase

A

The duplicated chromosomes are separated by contraction of the microtubules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Telophase

A

The chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, and the two cells separate (Cytokinesis).
The chromosomes decondense and form part of the nucleus once more.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does recombination occur in meiosis?

A

Prophase in meiosis 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Recombination in meisosis

A

Homologous chromosomes pair and there is crossing over between the homologous chromatids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Meiosis 2

A

Second round of division to make 4 haploid daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many chromosomes in meiosis 1 cell

A

Double normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acrocentric chromosome

A

Only satellite DNA on the p arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which phase are chromosomes visualised in?

A

Metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Balanced chromosome complement

A

Normal amount of each chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Karyotype format

A

47 XY +21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of ansuploidy

A

Nondisjunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Translocation types

A

Robertsonian
Reciprocal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which arm is lost in Robertsonian translocations?

A

p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

22.q11.2

A

22 - chromosome
q - arm
1 - region
1 - band
2 - sub band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FISH steps

A

Complementary
DNA/RNA probe

Denaturation: Nicks are created in the DNA

Hybridisation: Nucleotides with a Fluorophore attached are incorporated into the strand

22
Q

What is FISH used for

A

Chromosomal abnormalities in cancer

23
Q

What do chromosomal microarray dots show?

A

Strong Patient DNA
Binding - Duplication

Normal Quantity of
DNA

Weak Patient DNA
Binding - Deletion

24
Q

Is CMA or karyotyping higher resolution?

25
Q

X inactivation mechanism

A

Starts at the Xist gene on one of the two X chromsomes in a cell

This expresses a large RNA molecule that coats the chromosome

Condensation of the inactive chromosome into heterochromatin, supressing gene transcription

26
Q

Inactivation transforms the chromosome into a _____ body.

27
Q

When is the X inactivation pattern removed?

A

Germ cell formation

28
Q

Splicing turns…

A

pre mRNA to mRNA.

29
Q

Splicing

A

Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins (SNRPs) recognise specific RNA sequences (called Motifs) forming a spliceosome.

30
Q

SNRP examples

A

Splice Acceptor
Splice Donor
Lariat sequences

31
Q

What does the spliceosome contain?

A

small nuclear RNAs (U1 - U6)

32
Q

How is the Lariat loop formed?

A

Chemical reaction cleaves the 5’ end of the intron from its upstream exon and attaches it to the branch point, forming a loop called a lariat

33
Q

tRNA structure (clockwise)

A

Acceptor stem
T loop
Anticodon loop
D loop

34
Q

Ribosome sites

35
Q

T loop function

A

Stabilizing the tertiary RNA structure by facilitating long-range interactions between regions

36
Q

D loop function

A

Recognition site for the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

37
Q

Acceptor stem function

A

Codes for amino acid sizes

38
Q

Stop codons

39
Q

Post translational modification examples

A

Folding
Transport
Side chains
Peptide assosciation

40
Q

N-linked glycosylation

A

Attachment of an oligosaccharide to nitrogen affects folding and the quality control of proteins in the ER

41
Q

Types of damage

A

Endogenous
Exogenous

41
Q

Loss of nucleotide excision repair: example

A

Xeroderma pigmentosa

42
Q

Loss of homologous recombination: example

43
Q

Mendel’s law of independent segregation

A

Recombination in meiosis 1

44
Q

Frameshift writing example

A

c.6delA
p.Lys2Asnfs

45
Q

Stages if spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium

Primary spermatocyte

Secondary spermatocyte

Spermatids

46
Q

Next generation sequencing

A

The sequences of the fragments are aligned against a reference genome sequence.

If there is a variant in one copy of the genome, half the sequences will show the genetic variation compared to the reference sequence.

47
Q

X chromosome

A

153 million base pairs

48
Q

Y chromosome

A

58 million base pairs

49
Q

Multiple mitochondria

A

Multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome in each cell

50
Q

Activator protein binds to…

A

Enhancer region

51
Q

How is methylation passed on to daughter cells?

A

DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNTM1) at mitosis

52
Q

How does methylation prevent transcription?

A

Prevents binding of transcription factors and indirectly causes deacetylation of histones

55
Q

Yippee!

Bmsc (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions