Survival Factors: Insulin, IGFs, mTOR Flashcards
What are the main ligands in the Insulin/IGF signaling axis?
How is insulin production regulated, and where is it produced?
What are the key differences between IGF-1 and IGF-2 in terms of their developmental regulation?
What historical milestone did insulin achieve in 2021?
How does insulin affect different tissues such as muscle, adipose tissue, and liver?
What are the primary functions of IGFs in the body?
How do IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels change from birth to adulthood?
What are the main types of insulin/IGF receptors, and how do they differ in their ligand affinities?
How is the IGF-1 receptor activated, and what happens after activation?
What is the structural composition of Insulin and IGF-1 Receptors?
How does the IR-A receptor differ from IR-B, and what is its significance?
What is the conserved signaling pathway activated by the Insulin-like Signaling System?
How is the IGF/insulin signaling pathway conserved across different species?
What role does the PI3-K/Akt pathway play in cell survival?
How does the IGF system contribute to various stages of life, from development to aging?
What is mTOR, and what is its significance in the IGF signaling pathway?
How was TOR (Target of Rapamycin) discovered?
What are the two distinct TOR complexes, and how do they differ?
How does rapamycin affect the TOR complexes?
What factors regulate mTOR activity?
How does the IGF-1 receptor influence growth and development?
What is the role of mTOR in controlling cell size?
How does mTOR integrate metabolism, cell survival, and cellular recycling?
What are the main cellular processes controlled by the mTOR-dependent growth program?
How does mTOR signalling affect the translational machinery?
How is the IGF/mTOR pathway implicated in cancer?
What metabolic effects does insulin have on various tissues?
How do mutations in the IGF signalling pathway affect lifespan in model organisms?
What is the connection between mTOR dysregulation and various diseases?
How might understanding the IGF/mTOR pathway contribute to therapies for metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer?
