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RM and Stats > survey research > Flashcards

survey research Flashcards

1
Q

survey research

A

collection of information through individuals responses to questions (sample)

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2
Q

what form of data is surveys?

A

self report

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3
Q

what type of data do surveys produce

A

qualitative
quantitative
both

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4
Q

what research approaches can use surveys?

A

experimental
correlational
qualitative
(across all research approaches)

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5
Q

why are surveys often used?

A

to operationalise constructs

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6
Q

what surveys are typically used?

A

questionnaires

interviews

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7
Q

what two categories can surveys be split into?

A 
self administered (questionnaires) 
interview administered
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8
Q

types of self administered surveys

A

postal
online
in person

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9
Q

types of interview administered surveys

A

telephone

face to face

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10
Q

what can surveys be used to gather data on?

A 
attitudes 
behaviours 
opinions 
motivations 
emotions 
satisfaction 
demographic data
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11
Q

surveys can be used to collect data from when?

A

can be used to collect retrospective data, present data or future data

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12
Q

purposes of surveys

A

information gathering

theory testing and building

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13
Q

advantages of samples

A

simple straight forward approach
can easily be adapted to different population
standardisation
self administration or interview options

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14
Q

advantages of self administered data

A

big samples, can retrieve a large amount of data
efficient, fast, cheap
anonymity

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15
Q

advantages of interviews

A

question clarification

interviewer can encourage involvement

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16
Q

disadvantages of surveys

A

characteristics of participant might effect data collected

self administration and interviews have negative side effects

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17
Q

disadvantages of self administered questionnaires

A

people may misunderstand the questions

do not know what the response rate will be in advance

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18
Q

disadvantages of interviews?

A

interviewers characteristics

interaction between participants and interviewer

participants may be less honest

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19
Q

characteristics of participants that may effect data collected

A 
memory 
knowledge 
experience 
motivation
personality
20
Q

standardisation of surveys

A

surveys are typically standardised measuring instruments

what and how it is administered is clear

normative data is often available to offer a comparison

21
Q

what are psychometric tests

A

standardised questionnaires designed to measure particular traits or abilities

22
Q

examples of psychometric tests?

A

personality inventories
cognitive ability tests (memory, reasoning, logic)
measure of mental health status

23
Q

reliability and validity of psychometric tests?

A

reliability is established

validity is sometimes questionable

24
Q

how are items in psychometric tests published?

A

as an inventory

25
Q

standardisation of psychometric tests?

A

norms available allowing interpretation of individual participants data

results expressed as a standardised score

26
Q

when to design a new questionnaire? what to avoid when designing a new questionnaire?

A

when no established tool exists to measure the the phenomena of interest

avoid jangles, different labels for what is essentially the same thing

27
Q

What is piloting?

A

test on a small group of people before administering it more widely

28
Q

how to carry out a pilot study ?

A

Administer to a small sample
identify problematic items and revise
ask respondents for feedback

29
Q

general design principles

A

keep it short
make sure its readable
provide appropriate responses

30
Q

expand on keep it short

A

omit any questions that will not provide useful data

31
Q

expand on make sure its readable

A

Ps must be able to understand the language used

some people are not good readers so you should make it easy to read

32
Q

expand on provide appropriate response options

A

avoid forcing your Ps to choose between more than one correct option, or not having any correct options

33
Q

response rates

A

the percentage of questionnaires completed and returned from those distributed

34
Q

how to maximise response rates to questionnaires

A

keep them short
keep them simple
include prepaid envelope with postal surveys
sending a reminder after one or two weeks
offering an incentive

35
Q

ordering a survey

A

can be useful to add subdivisions

screening- is the participant eligible

start with easy and engaging questions

use funnelling/ branching questions if appropriate

36
Q

demographic questions in a sample

A

characteristics of the sample

typically contained in a single sections

37
Q

what may be included in demographic section?

A 
date of birth 
gender 
ethnicity and/or racial background
place of birth 
religion 
sexual orientation 
relationship status 
occupation or earnings
38
Q

what is important in the demographics segment?

A

only include relevant questions

ensure response options are open to all

39
Q

open questions considerations and when to use

A

Only use if justified

Ensure focus is clear

Decide on analysis strategy from outset

More useful for descriptive/ exploratory work

40
Q

pros of open questions

A

provide more detail

rich data

doesn’t impose assumptions

41
Q

cons of open questions

A

longer and more difficult to complete

difficult to analyse responses

42
Q

close questions considerations and when to use

A

ensure questions are unambiguous

provide clear response options

carefully consider style of response options

more useful for explanatory or predictive work

43
Q

pros of closed questions

A

quick to complete

easy to analyse (objective)

standardised responses

44
Q

cons of closed questions

A

can impose assumptions

oversimplify complex issues

45
Q

things to avoid in surveys

A 
double-barrelled questions 
ambiguity 
negations 
double negatives 
questions that are laden or leading

RM and Stats (4 decks)

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