Survey Flashcards
An overview of the peace treaties which ended World War I and their consequences
Treaty of Versailles (TOV) forced abdication of kaiser, creation of Weiser republic
-> Reparations of $40 billion + war guilt clause (Article 231)
-> Demilitarisation of Rhineland
Treaty of Saint-Germain-En-Laye (TSG) forbidden Austria unification with Germany
-> Austria limited army to 30,000 men
Treaty of Sevres (TS), Breakdown of Ottoman Empire, mandates in France Syria & Britain Palestine.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (TBL), independence of Ukraine
-> Fulfilled “peace,land, bread” - Soviet statement
Conditions that enabled the rise of dictatorships: Japan
Discrimination by Western powers they neglected an equality clause, felt ‘cheated’ by TOV
-> Anti - Asian immigration legislation + restriction on trade with the West.
Assassination of politicians who opposed him.
->Inukai was assassinated in 1932, the start of military dictatorship.
Japan was devastated by the Great depression -> mass unemployment + US tariffs increased
-> 3 million unemployed
Conditions that enabled the rise of dictatorships: Italy
Felt ‘cheated’ by TOV, not significant amount of land gained.
-> Treaty of London 1915 wasn’t upheld by Britain and France -> didn’t gain control over Albania
Mass inflation, unemployment & high budget deficits -> rise of fascism
-> 1920 the lira was worth only one-sixth of its 1913 value.
Conditions that enabled the rise of dictatorships: USSR
Political failures of the provisional government to install a legitimate government.
Mass instability due to 2 revolutions, civil war & loss of land due to TBL
Economic struggles -> political instability
The power struggle in Russia which saw the emergence of Stalin through his control over the party machine.
An overview of the features of the dictatorships that emerged in Russia, Italy, Japan
All have extreme nationalism & expansionist goals.
-> Restoration of the Roman empire
All have widespread propaganda & censorship.
-> Gavlit in the USSR
Stalin: Purges, NKVD & Gulags, suppression of opposition.
-> Approx 700,000 purged by Stalin
-> Mussolini: No opposition allowed, blackshirts terrorised potential opposition, self-sufficiency policies
Tojo: Assassination of politicians who opposed him, ideological supremacism, consolidation of political and military roles, ‘Total War’ policies
-> Inukai was assassinated in 1932
-> Invasion of Manchuria 1931
