An overview of the search for peace and security 1919–1946 Flashcards
Aims of Germany
Create a pan-germanic empire (Gross Deutschland) that unites all germanic people -> return back to the previous German empire formed by Prussia after the franco-prussian war.
To take control of german interests that had been formatted in the peace process
Alliance to give Hitler time - Pact of steel and Nazi-Soviet Pact
Expansionism to achieve Autarky
Methods of Germany
Revising of the treaty of Versailles→withdrawing from the disarmament conference and league of nations (1933)
Reintroduction of conscription (1935) / remilitarisation →rebuilding of the German armed forces/military
Reoccupation of the Rhineland (1936)
Western powers have provisions to Hitler to expand military and territory (appeasement)
-> Munich agreements leads to Hilter invading the rest of Chekiaslovakia ended Munich agreement and western appeasement.
-> Invasion of Lithuanian territory of Memel (previously apart of Germany)
-> Annexation of Sudetendland through negotiating with the allies in the Munich conference 1938. “We will have peace in our time” - Chamberlain
-> Annexation of Austria Anchulus
Aims of Japan
The Greater East Asia Co-prosperity sphere
Japan was lacking in raw materials needed by industrialising economy
Invasion of Asia→increased food production for growing Japanese industrialization
To protect/provide a buffer against Western encirclement→exacerbated by Western imperialism in East Asia
Historical Japanese militarism -> military government
Methods of Japan
Left the Washington naval treaty of 1920’s →increased Japanese militarism
Annexation of Korea (1910)
After WW1: Japan given mandated control over German pacific colonies
Invasion of Manchuria→Japanese
Puppet government control Chinese occupied land=most of coastline
Marco-polo incident -> accident bombed my own train lmao
Annexation of French-IndoChina
The intentions and authority of the League of Nations and the UN
President Wilson crucial role 1918→based of 14 points and his prestige which accumulated from the U.S victory/dominance in WW1
USA don’t join the League of Nations - (American isolationist)
Intentions:
Success of the league of nations
Health and Labour organisation would reemerge in the Un
Improved refugee issues post war
Oversaw the administration and protection of Danzig and Saar
ICJ created to mediate disputes
between states who had conflicting economic and territorial interests→resolved disputes between territory for Sweden+Finland, Albania+Yugoslavia and Greece+Bulgaria
Successfully supervised river traffic in European rivers (ELbe, Rhine and Danube)
Failures of the league of nations
Did not reflect the balance of international power=US did not join + Japan, USSR, Germany
Relied of spirit of internationalism which was undermined by German reparations + war guilt clause, Also Japan was disrespected by peace treaties→general move towards internationalism
League of Nations did not respond to: Italy actions in Corfu incident (1923), Invasion of Manchuria (1931) and inability to act in Spanish Civil war
Secret treaties were still used: Treaty of Rapallo (1922) Germany and USSR. Anglo-German Naval agreement (1935)
Appeasement acted outside of collective security and international corporation
GOAL OF THE UN:
UN - goal of international peace, eliminating social and economic issues + created policies to avoid conflict.
April 1945 - charter for the United nations developed
The US was a member of the UN security council, other members China, USSR, France and Britain. Had veto power over the general secretary.
The atomic energy commission -> meant to take control of nuclear weapons.
Charter of rights→focus on global quality
United economic system
