surveillance Flashcards
definition of surveillance of animal health?
systematic, continuous or repeated analysis of animal health and welfare related data from defined populations. Used to describe health hazard occurance
describe active surveillance
- go and collect evidence
- typically structured surveys
- for a defined disease in a defined population
- expensive
- inefficient for uncommon diseases
describe passive surveillance
- encourage submission of evidence by others
- relies on good will
- subjective and prone to many sources of bias
- relatively inexpensive
- most effective for uncommon and new or emerging diseases
how can we use surveillance?
- detection new conditions/hazards
- demonstrate freedom from disease or infection
describe the level and distribution of specified diseases - detect threats to human life
- describe changes in the health of the population or changes that might threaten health of the population
give some examples of what a new or re-emerging threat could be
- notable disease
- exotic disease known elsewhere but not detected in this population
- new diseases, pathogens, strains
resistance to veterinary medicines
In detecting new and re-emerging threats (NRT) what type of surveillance is more effective and why?
passive highly effective provided:
- clinical impact in livestock
- veterinary advice sought
evidence s effectively collated and communicated
what can you use as surveillance to observe animal health and farmed livestock?
- stockperson observation
- herd/flock production data
- veterinary practice records
- lab data
- abattoir data
- fallen stock data
- movement records
what us a sporadic event?
unpredictable, hap hazardous occurrence of disease that cannot be linked to other incidents
what is an endemic?
constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area
what is a epidemic?
an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above that which is normally expected in a. defined population and era
what is an outbreak?
occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area or season. can occur in a restricted geographical area or extend over several countries. Can last from days to years
what is a pandemic?
an epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of individuals
what is a surveillance system?
comprises a set of surveillance components that together provide evidence concerning animal health
what surveillance system components are there for bTB?
- herd skin tests
- pre and post movement tests
- abattoir inspection
- scanning surveillance
