Surgical Radiology

Question 1

CXR

- Three components of Airway

Answer 1

CXR - Airway

1. Trachea
2. Bronchi
3. Right intermediate bronchi

Question 2

CXR

- Three Breathing Components

Answer 2

CXR - Breathing

1. Uniform expansion and fields
2. Edges of lungs
3. 4 silhouettes
   - UR: Right paratracheal stripe
   - LR: Right heart border

• UL: aortic knuckle
• LL: Left hemi diaphragm
  -

Question 3

CXR

- Circulation

Answer 3

CXR - Circulation

1. Cardiac size
2. Great vessels
   
   • Aorta
   • Pulmonary vessels
3. Mediastinum and hila

Question 4

CXR

- Disability

Answer 4

CXR - Disability

1. Rib fractures
2. Shoulder girdle

Question 5

CXR

- Everything else

Answer 5

CXR - Everything else

A ir under diaphragm
B odies foreign or unnatural
C an you see surgical emphysema?

Question 6

AXR

-	Five examples it is NOT recommended

Answer 6

AXR not recommended:

Endoscopy
1. Bleeds

USS
2. RUQ pain

CT

3. Trauma
4. Suspected collection
5. Malignancy

Question 7

AXR Indications (5)

Answer 7

AXR for:

1. Bowel obstruction
2. Pneumoperitoneum (+CXR)
3. Moderate to severe abdo pain
   
   • Toxic mega
   • Obstruction/perforation
4. Suspected FB
5. Renal calculi follow-up

Question 8

AXR

- ABCDE Acronym

Answer 8

AXR

A	-	Air
B	-	Bowel
C	-	Calcification
D	-	Disability
E	-	Everything else

Question 9

AXR ABCDE

- A

Answer 9

AXR

- Air 1. Pneumoperitoneum  - Rigler’s Triangle 2. Pneumoretroperitoneum 3. Biliary tree 4. Portal vein

Question 10

AXR
- ABCDE

2. B

Answer 10

AXR
- Bowel

1. Dilation
2. Volvulus
3. Stomach distension
4. Herniation
5. Wall thickening

Question 11

AXR
- ABCDE

3. C

Answer 11

AXR
- Calcification

1. Stones (renal, gall, pancreatic, AAA)
2. Foetus
3. Insignificant structures (cartilage, pheboliths, fibroids)

Question 12

AXR ABCDE

• Disability

Answer 12

AXR Disability

Bones

1. Vertebral bodies
2. Fractures
3. Lesions (sclerotic/lyric)

Solid organs
4. Enlargement

Question 13

AXR
- ABCDE

5. E

Answer 13

AXR
- Everything else

1. Surgery
2. Medical devices
3. Foreign bodies
4. Lung bases

Question 14

Fractures

- Five assessments

Answer 14

MSK XR

1. Bone alignment
   
   • Fracture
   • Dislocation
2. Bone cortices
   
   • Fracture
   • Erosion
3. Bone texture
   
   • Trabecular disruption
   • Sclerosis/lysis
4. Joint/cartilage
   
   • Space
   • Chondrocalcinosis
   • Osteophytes
5. Soft tissues
   
   • Swelling
   • Effusion

Question 15

MSK XRay

-	Bone remodelling

Answer 15

MSK Remodelling

1. Plane of movement?
2. Soft callous?
3. Hard callous?

Question 16

Five Fracture shapes

Answer 16

Fracture shapes

1. Transverse
2. Oblique
3. Spiral
4. Butterfly
5. Greenstick

Question 17

How does one describe a fracture displacement?

Answer 17

Fracture displacement description:

1. Direction of distal portion
2. Eg. Halux valgus
   • The distal toe is pointed laterally
     Eg. Varus knees
   • The distal tibia is pointed laterally

Question 18

Five fracture positioning parameters (DDART)

Answer 18

Fracture fives DDART

1. Dislocation
2. Displacement
3. Angulation
4. Rotation
5. Translation

Question 19

Distal Radius Measurements

Answer 19

Distal radius angles

1. Radial inclination
   
   • 22º
   • 11mm
2. Volar tilt
   
   • 11º
3. Ulnar Variance

Question 20

Hand X Rays

- Five Views

Answer 20

Hand X Rays

1. AP
2. Lateral
3. Semi-prone
4. Semi-supine
5. Zitter/scaphoid

Question 21

MSK X Ray

- ABCS

Answer 21

MSK X RAY

A - Alignment
B - Bone texture
C - Cortices
S - Soft Tissue

Question 22

Pelvis X Ray

- Bones

Answer 22

Pelvis X Ray

A cetabulum
B ony ring
- Shenton line with femur
C occyx and sacral foramina