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DEP Paper 1 > Surgical Procedures > Flashcards

Surgical Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cone specimen?

A

A excision from the cervix, taken using a knife or a diathermic loop.

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2
Q

Where are cones, LLETZ or knife cones taken from?

A

Cervix

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3
Q

Where in the hospital are cones usually carried out?

A

Colposcopy department

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4
Q

What is the typical description for a cone?

A

A (shaped) piece of cervix measuring (3D). The os is (description and 2D measurements). Any other significant Macroscopic information.

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5
Q

How is a cone handled at dissection?

A

For history of CIN or worse: Serial slices, all processed in the same orientation giving an inner and an outer piece.
For other reasons: Serial sliced, one complete face processed ideally demonstrating the Anterior and posterior reflexes.

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6
Q

What is the benefit of a cone procedure?

A

Allows for treatment of deeper cervical pre-cancerous lesions
Can give a diagnosis or treatment (if shallow) of glandular lesions in the LUS

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7
Q

What is the disadvantage of cones?

A

Can lead to issues with fertility

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8
Q

What are the special considerations for cones?

A
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9
Q

How is a currettage taken?

A

Via a ring shaped tool with diathermy

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10
Q

What type of samples are commonly taken via currettage?

A

Skin
Endometrium

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11
Q

Where are curettes specimens usually taken?

A

G. P.
Clinic

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12
Q

What is a typical description for a currettage?

A

Count pieces
Measure
Describe fragments

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13
Q

How are currettage usually handled in the lab?

A

Everything processed
If skin Inking deep margin can help embedding
Embed on edge
Bissect if >5mm

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a currettage?

A

Removes superficial lesions
Cheap

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of currettage specimen?

A

Used for benign conditions, is problematic if lesion then turns out to be malignant.
Tissue can be burnt at the edge

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16
Q

What is the aim of a currettage?

A

Therapeutic for benign conditions

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17
Q

How are endidcopic biopsies taken?

A
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18
Q

What type of specimens are endoscopic biopsies?

A
19
Q

Where are endoscopic biopsies taken?

A

Endoscopy clinic, can be in anesthetic or not

20
Q

What is a typical description for endoscopic biopsies?

A

Count number of biopsies
Measure size
Process all

21
Q

How are endoscopic biopsies handled in the lab?

A

With care, delicate and can have crush artifact
Lie straight if linear
Wrap to prevent loss
3 Levels at sectioning
Possible for spares to be taken at sectioning too

22
Q

What are the advantages of endoscopic biopsies?

A
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of endoscopic biopsies?

A
24
Q

What special considerations do endoscopic biopsies need?

A

Delicate - crush artefact
May need wrapping
Small so care at trimming and sectioning

25
Q

What is the aim of endoscopic biopsies?

A

Diagnostic

26
Q

How are evacuation taken?

A
27
Q

What specimen type is taken via evacuation?

A
28
Q

Where are evacuations carried out?

A
29
Q

What is a typical description of an evacuation?

A

Multiple pieces of membranous and haemorrhagic tissue, together measuring… There are no fetal parts identified/fetus measures… This has not been sampled.

30
Q

How are evacuations handled in the lab?

A
31
Q

What special considerations are needed for evacuations?

A

Sensitive specimens
Require sensitive disposal and cremation form
Kept seperately to normal specimens within the department
Sample any grape like areas are may have diagnostic significance
Never say. Ple any fetal parts

32
Q

What is an excisional specimen?

A

Removal of the entire lesion

33
Q

What is an hysteroscopic specimen?

A
34
Q

What is an incisional specimen?

A

Removal of part of a lesion, usually containing some normal tissue too

35
Q

What is an incisional specimen?

A

Removal of part of a lesion, usually containing some normal tissue too

36
Q

What is a laparoscopy?

A
37
Q

What is an LLETZ specimen?

A

A large loop excision of the transformation zone of the cervix

38
Q

What is a mammotome?

A
39
Q

What are needle core specimens?

A

A core shaped piece of tissue taken through a wide gauge needle

40
Q

What is open surgery?

A

Surgery carried out by making a wide incision allowing the entire area to be visualised

41
Q

What is open surgery?

A

Surgery carried out by making a wide incision allowing the entire area to be visualised

42
Q

What is a pipelle specimen?

A
43
Q

What is an excisional specimen?

A

DEP Paper 1 (5 decks)

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