Surgical Procedeurs Flashcards
What is Ovariohysterectomy?
Spay or neuter, sterilization of a female dog or cat and elimination of the estrous cycle
What does an ovariohysterectomy treat/prevent?
infections of the reproductive tract, cancer, and traumatic injuries to the uterous
What are some myths about ovariohysterectomies?
It is good to have one litter before being spayed, spayed animals get fat, and dogs and cats over 3 years are two old
Where does the incision start in a spay?
At the umbilicus
What is a disadvantage of a ovariohysterectomy?
Supposedly urinary incontinence due to lack of estrogen
What can be prescribed for urinary incontinence?
phenylpropanalamine
What is involved with postoperative care for OHE?
Restricted exercise until external sutures are removed, keep the pet clean and dry, inspect Sx site daily, report any abnormalities
When do external sutures come out for the OHE?
2 weeks
At what age are animals able to get spayed?
5-6 months
Why do we typically not spay when in heat?
the increased blood supply can cause hemorrhaging
What is a Hysterotomy?
A cesarean section, the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdomen and uterus
Why would we do a cesarean section?
Malpositioned fetus, oversized fetus, abnormal fetus, small pelvic canal of the mother, insufficient dialation, uterine intertia
What is a gravid uterus?
The uterus is full of fetuses
What is the procedure for a cesarean section?
Uterus is pulled out and put ontop of moist sponges. An incision is made on the venteral aspect and the fetuses are pushed towards incision. they are pulled out and the amniotic sac is ruptured and umbilical cord is clamped.
What are 3 emergency drugs to have on hand for neonatal care?
doxapram, naloxone, and epinephrine
What is doxapram?
a respiratory stimulant, goes under tounge
what is naloxne?
reduces the effects of opiates
how far from the body do you ligate the umbilical cord?
1cm from the body
What is an orchiectomy?
astration or neuter. Sterilization of a male
What does an orchiectomy prevent/treat?
Undesirable behavior, reproductive tracts cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia
What age can an animal get a orchiectomy?
5-6 months
What can happen if an older male is casterated?
Male tendencies wont immediately go away and the dog will still be fertile for a few weeks
what does postoperative care include for orchiectomies?
restrict exercise, keep animal clean and dry, keep away from licking or biting
What procedure needs suspension of a body part in order to stretch out muscles and realign the bones?
orthopedic surgery
What is an onyectomy?
A declaw
where would you apply a tourniquet for a onyectomy?
proximal to elbow
What would you remove in a declaw?
the claw and third phalynx
what is an alternative to onyectomy?
tenectomy
what is a tenectomy?
tendon is cut making the claws stay retracted but will still grow.
when do you dock a puppies tail or remove the dewclaw?
3-5 days of age
what type of sanitation is recommended?
aspetic
when is gastroentestinal surgery best preformed?
on an empty stomch
what should you do before opening up the GI tract?
remove the gi tract from the abdomen
what would you use laparotomy sponges for?
to isolate the sx site from the abdomen
what is orthopedic surgery?
surgery involving the skeletal system and associated structures
what do orthopedic surgeries include?
bone fractures, articular joint dislocation reduction, arthroscopy, CCL, luxating patella stabilization
what is a coxofemoral luxation?
hip dislocation
what are the five things bone fractures can be classified by?
bone involved, open or closed, location of fracture on the bone, type of fracture, reducible or not?
what are 5 types of fractures?
transverse, obliquie, spiral, comminuted reducible, comminuted non reducible
what are two options for fracture repair?
internal fixation, external fixation,
what is internal fixation?
bone plates, intramedullary pins, cerclage wire
what is external fixation?
kirschner-ehmer fixation, casts, splints
what could be considered postoperative care for bone fracture surgery?
analgesic administration, antibiotic adminitsration, physical confinement, follow up xrays
how often should a healing fracture get xrayed?
every 4-6 weeks
what is a flexable endoscope used for?
used for examining organs
what is a ridgid endoscope used for?
used for examining organs where the insertion tube does not need to bend
what are some components of the endoscope?
fiberoptic light cable and source, air source, water source, suction, biopsy and retreival.
what can ethyl oxide be used for?
to sterilize surgical instruments at lower temps than those required in a regular autoclave
what are the disadvantages of ethyl oxide?
it can be toxic and flammable
