Surgical intervention of valvular disease

Question 1

What are causes of valvular heart diease

Answer 1

Degenerative 
Congenital 
Infective 
Inflammatory 
LV/RV dilation 
Trauma 
Neoplastic
Paraneoplastic

Question 2

What valves are usually operated on in adult cardiac surgery

Answer 2

Aortic and mitral

Question 3

What valves are usually operated on in paediatric cardiac surgery

Answer 3

All 4 of them

Question 4

Where is blood drained from and returned to in a cardiopulmonary bypass

Answer 4

Drained from - RA

Returned to - Ascending Aorta

Question 5

Describe blood flow when heart function is taken over by a cardiopulmonary bypass machine

Answer 5

Non-pulsatile flow

Question 6

What drugs are needed during a cardiopulmonary bypass

Answer 6

Anticoagulation

Question 7

What the maximum amount of time a patient should have a cardiopulmonary bypass

Answer 7

12 hours

Question 8

What three surgical things can be done to fix a damaged valve

Answer 8

Biological valve replacement 
Mechanical valve replacement 
Valve repair (the best)

Question 9

What are pro and cons of biological valve

Answer 9

No warfarin required but the valve wears out after 15 years

Question 10

What are pros and cons of mechanical valve

Answer 10

Warfarin required for life but valve lasts >40 years