Surgical Instruments Flashcards
What is the function of a scalpel?
To divide tissues with minimal trauma
Name the 2 sizes of commonly used scalpel handles
- Size 3
- Size 4
What size scalpel handle is used for small animal surgery?
Size 3
What size scalpel handle is used for large animal surgery?
Size 4
Name the 4 common sized blade used for small animal surgery, with a size 3 handle
Sizes:
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 15
Name the 3 common sized blade used for large animal surgery, with a size 4 handle
Sizes:
* 20
* 21
* 22
What is another name given to a much smaller scalpel handle?
A ‘beaver’ scalpel handle
What are smaller scalpel handles useful for?
Opthalmic work
Name 3 types of dissecting forceps
Also known as ‘thumb forceps’
- Plain
- Rat-toothed
- Debakeys
What is the function of forceps?
To hold tissues
What is the function of a plain dissecting forcep?
Plain ends, to hold delicate tissues
What is the function of a rat-toothed dissecting forcep?
Rat-toothed ends, to hold dense tissues
What is the function of a debakeys dissecting forcep?
To hold delicate tissues
How do you hold dissecting forceps?
Like a pencil
Name 4 types of scissors
- Mayo dissecting
- Metzenbaum
- Carless
- Paynes
What is the function of a mayo dissecting forcep?
Routine surgery
What is the function of a metzenbaum forcep?
Delicate surgery
What is the function of a carless forcep?
Suture cutting
What is the function of a paynes forcep?
Removing sutures
How do you hold scissors?
- Hold with ring finger + thumb inserted into the ring of the scissors
- Index finger is placed on the shaft, to guide the scissors
Name 6 types of haemostatic artery forceps
- Spencer wells
- Dunhiill
- Criles
- Cairns
- Kelly
- Halstead
What is another word given to halstead haemostatic artery forceps?
Mosquito!
2
What are haemostatic artery forceps used for?
To clamp (or occlude) blood vessels + stop bleeding
What type of surgical instruments have transverse striations that help hold tissues?
Haemostatic artery forceps
How do you hold haemostatic artery forceps?
The same as scissors
What are the function of mosquito forceps?
As they are the smallest of the haemostatic artery forceps, they are used to hold blood vessels
What are the functions of towel clamps?
To attach:
1. Drapes to patients
2. Instruments to the operating table
Name 2 common types of towel clamps
- Backhaus
- Gray’s cross-action
What are the functions of needle holders?
- Hold suture needles during suturing
- Facilitate knot tying
Name 4 types of needle holders
- Gillies
- Olsen-Hegar
- Mayo-Hegar
- McPhail’s
2
What is a ratchet, when it comes to surgical instruments?
A mechanisim, that locks the handles together
+
clamps the needle firmly between the jaws
What are the defining characteristics of gillies needle holders?
Have scissor type action, for cutting suture ends
Do gillies needle holders have a rachet?
No,
so you must hold the needle tightly
What are the defining characteristics of Olsen-Hegar needle holders?
- Have a cutting edge
- Very easy to cut suture matieral with
Do Olsen-Hegar needle holders have a ratchet?
Yes,
so you can hold the needle securely
What are the defining characteristics of Mayo-Hegar needle holders?
- Look like long-handled artery forceps
- No cutting edge
Do Mayo-Hegar needle holders have a ratchet?
Yes
What are the defining characteristics of McPhail’s needle holders?
Usually have a copper or tungsten carbide insert, in the tip
Do McPhail’s needle holders have a ratchet?
Yes, a spring-ratchet, that squeezes the jaws together, opening the holder + releasing the needle
2
What is the function of a retractor?
To expose the operating field +
maintain this
What are the 2 types of retractors?
- Handheld
- Self-retaining
Name 3 types of handheld retractors
- Langenbeck
- Senn
- Czemy
Name 6 types of self-retaining retractors
- Gelpi
- West’s
- Travers
- Gusset
- Balfour
- Finochiettto
What 3 types of self-retaining retractors are commonly used for muscles + joints?
- Gelpi
- West’s
- Travers
What 2 types of self-retaining retractors are commonly used for abdominal surgery?
- Gusset
- Balfour
Name the type of self-retaining retractor commonly used for thoracic surgery
Finochietto
Name the 3 types of orthopaedic instruments used for cutting + shaping bone
- Osteotome
- Chisel
- Gouge
What is the defining characteristic of the orthopaedic instrument, the osteotome?
- It cuts + shapes bone
- It’s tapered on both sides
What is the defining characteristic of the orhopaedic chisel?
- It cuts + shapes bone
- Tapered on the 1 side only
What is the defining characteristic of the gouge?
- It cuts + shapes bone
- U-shaped edge to remove larger pieces of bone or cartliage
What is the function of the curette?
To scoop the surface of dense tissue, in order to remove loose or degenerate tissues
What is the defining characteristic of the curette?
- Cup-shaped
- Sharp cutting edge
- In many sizes
What are the function of periosteal elevators?
To lift periosteum
+
soft tissues
from the bone surface
What are the function of bone-holding forceps?
- To grip bone fragments
- Whilst reducing + aligning fractures
What are the function of bone cutters?
To cut large pieces of bone
What are the function of bone rasps?
To remove sharp edges, following an arthroplasty
What are the function of bone rongeurs?
To cut small pieces of dense tissues, such as bone or cartilage
What are the function of drills?
- Used during surgery
- Used around delicate structures where minimal drilling is required
Name the 3 types of commonly used drills in the VP
- Air drill
- Hand drill
- battery drill
Why are air drills often preffered over battery drills?
- Because battery drills are slower + more cumbersome
- Whereas, air drills are more expensive
Cubersome = hard to hold/manage
What 2 ways can saws + burrs be operated by?
- Air
- Electricity
What are saws used for during veterinary surgery?
To remove or reshape bone
What type of 2 commonly used manual saws are used in the VP?
- Hobby saw
- Gigli wire saw
What are the 2 uses of power saws in the VP?
- Orthopaedic
- Soft-tissue procedures
What are burrs?
- Also known as dental burs
- Used for cutting hard tissues, such as ‘tooth’ or ‘bone’
- All burrs have a shank + a head
What should you take care of when using saws + burrs?
- When connecting them to the power source
- Ensure to not switch on until all the couplings are assembled
What are the functions of wire foreceps?
- To apply cerclage wire
- To allow for stabilising bones with wire
What is the function of gigli wire + handles?
To saw through bone with a cheese wire effect
What does OPI stand for?
Orthopaedic Instrument
What is this?
(OPI)
Chisel
Name the instrument
(OPI)
Curette
What is this?
(OPI)
Osteotome
Name the instrument
(OPI)
Periosteal Elevator
What is this?
(OPI)
Rongeurs
Name the instrument
(OPI)
Bone-cutting Forceps
What are these?
Allis Tissue
Forceps
Name the instrument
Backhaus
Towel Clamp
What is this?
Balfour
Self-retaining
Retractors
Are these self-retaining or handheld?
Self-retaining!
Name the instrument
Carless
Scissors
Name this type of suture pattern
Cruciate mattress
What is this?
Czemy
Handheld Retractors
Name the instrument
Finocheietto
Self-retaining
Retractors
Name the type of suture pattern below
Ford
Interlocking
What are these?
Gelpi
Self-retaining
Retractors
Name the instrument
Gillies
Forcep
Needle Holders
What is this?
Gray’s
Cross-action
Towel clamp
Name the instrument
Halstead
Mosquito
Artery Forcep
What type of instrument are these?
Artery forceps
What is this?
Hohmann
Handhled Retractor
What type of instrument is this?
Retractors
(Handheld)
Name the type of suture pattern
Horizontal mattress
What is this?
Langenbeck
Handheld Retractors
What type of instrument is this?
Retractors
(Handheld)
Name the instrument
Mayo
Straight Scissors
What are these?
Mayo-Hegar
Needle Holders
Name the instrument
McPhails
Needle Holders
What type of instrument is this?
Needle holders
What are these?
Metzenbaum
Scissors
Name the instrument
Olsen-Hegar
Forcep
Needle Holders
What type of needle holders are these?
Olsen-Hegar
What is this?
Rat-toothed
Dissecting Forceps
Name the type of suture pattern
Simple
Continuous
What is this?
Simple
Interrupted
Name the instrument
Spencer Wells
Artery Forceps
What type of forceps are these?
Artery forceps
What is this?
Toothed
Dissecting Forceps
What type of instrument is this?
Forcep(s)
Name the instrument
Travers
Self-retaining
Retractors
What type of instrument is this?
Retractor
(Self-retaining)
Name the type of suture pattern
Vertical Mattress
+ their amounts.. if you can..
Name the 7 instruments that should be in a Standard Surgical Kit
- Scalpel handle
- Treves forceps
- Mosquito forceps (x2)
- Mayo scissors
- Towel clips (x4)
- Gillies
- Needles (x2)
