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Module 5 - Anesthesia & General Surgery > Surgical Conditions > Flashcards

Surgical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Causes?

A

Vomiting, abdominal pain.

Adhesion from previous abdominal surgery, hernia, cancerous lesion (normally at cecum).

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of pain?

A
  1. somatic: body surface or musculoskeletal.
  2. visceral: internal organs.
  3. neuropathic: spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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3
Q

Rutherford Morrison incision?

A
  • Renal transplant
  • Colonic resection
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4
Q

What are the investigations for renal colic?

A

CT KUB (Kidneys, ureters, bladder).

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5
Q

WHat are 4 investigations that must be done is suspected appendicitis?

A
  1. FBC (raised leukocytes + neutrophils).
  2. UE (urea and electrolytes) to assess HYDRATION.
  3. USS (ultra sound scan - if young). CT scan (particularly unwell or over 40).
  4. Pregnancy test if female
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6
Q

What are 2 types of regional anesthesia?

A

epidural , spinal.

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7
Q

What is pseudo obstruction?

A

Clinical syndrome (intestines not working as well as they normally do - has signs and symptoms of an intestinal obstruction) yet no actual physical causes found.

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8
Q

How is renal colic treated?

A
  • Stone may pass dependent on size.
  • Surgical intervention if not (open surgery or stent in ureter).
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9
Q

Lanz incision

A
  • open appendectomy
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10
Q

What is an acute abdomen?

A

the rapid onset of severe symptoms that may indicate potentially life-threatening intra-abdominal pathology that requires urgent surgical intervention.

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11
Q

What are the investigations for acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Bloods will show ELEVATED SERUM AMYLASE and MORE SENSITIVE LIPASE.
  • USS in first instance and CT scan if suspected necrosis.
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12
Q

Symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Causes?

A

Abdominal distention, absolute constipation.

Malignancy.

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13
Q

When are antibiotics given for acute appendicitis?

A
  • On blood results.
  • Pyrexial or showing signs of sepsis.
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of renal colic (6)? Why does it occur?

A
  • Renal stone partially/ fully blocks the outflow of urine from the kidney.
  • FLANK PAIN (loin to groin - from flank to lower abdomen), rigors, haematouria, reduced urine output, tachycardia, pyrexia.
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15
Q

What is appendicitis? What is a common cause?

A

Inflammation of the apendix commonly caused by an obstruction of the appendix.

FAECOLITH.

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16
Q

Midline incision?

A
  • Laparotomy.
  • Repair of abdominal wall hernia.
17
Q

What investigations can be undertaken for acute cholecystitis?

A
  • Deranged liver function tests.
  • USS (check for gallstones) and MRI.
18
Q

What are 7 symptoms of appendicitis?

A
  • Right iliac fossa pain.
  • Tachycardia.
  • Pyrexia.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Anorexia.
  • Constipation or diarrhea.
  • ROVSING’S POSITIVE.
19
Q

How will patients with acute pancreatitis present?

A

Epigastric pain which radiated to the back. Patient profoundly unwell.

20
Q

Kocher incision?

A

Open cholecystectomy
Access to biliary tree/ liver.

21
Q

Name the 9 regions of the abdomen

A

see pic online

22
Q

Pfannestiel incision?

A
  • Caesarian section
  • Abdominal hysterectomy
23
Q

What is the management for acute appendicitis?

A
  • NBM (nothing by mouth/ fasted), hydration, analgesia, antibiotics.

APPENDICECTOMY

24
Q

What should be checked in patients presenting with bowel obstruction?

A
  • Electrolytes + bloods: electrolyte deficiencies can slow down bowel.
25
Q

What types of pain is dental pain?

A

Musculoskeletal pain thus SOMATIC.

26
Q

3 treatment methods for acute cholecystitis?

A
  • conservative treatment: with (sepsis) or without antibiotics
  • cholecystectomy: removal of gallbladder within 3 month period - inflammation must resolve.
  • ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - enedoscopy procedure used to remove stones from gallbladder (ex. when gallstones in bile duct).
27
Q

In what patients may an acute abdomen present pain free?

A

older people, children, immunocompromised, last trimester of pregnancy.

28
Q

What are 5 complications of pancreatitis?

A

Fluid collections, pseudocyst formation, necrosis, abscess, haemorrhage.

29
Q

What is Rovsing’s positive and what does it indicate?

A
  • palpating left iliac region causes pain in the right iliac region - SIGN OF APPENDICITIS.
30
Q

Where does pain from appendicitis commonly present? Who is commonly affected?

A
  • Umbilical region which spread to right ileac fossa.
  • Women, age less than 40 years (10-30).
31
Q

What are the two most common causes of pancreatitis in the UK?

A
  • Alcohol.
  • Gallstones.
  • ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography).
32
Q

What is murphy’s positive? What does it suggest?

A
  • Place hand at the COSTAL MARGIN and the RUQ and asking patient to take a deep breath - INFLAMED GALLBLADDER CAUSES PAIN AND PATIENT CATCHES THEIR BREATH.
33
Q

What is acute cholecystitis? Common cause? Symptoms (4)?

A
  • Inflammation of the gallbladder (commonly due to GALLSTONES).
  • RUQ pain, tachycardia, fever, murphy’s positive.

Module 5 - Anesthesia & General Surgery (3 decks)

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