surggery Flashcards
reinke crystals(pink rod like) painless mass
leydig tumor
mc Testicular tumor qstns
1.MC TT
2.MC radio sensitive
3.MC bilateral
4.MC PRIMARY
ALL ANSWR SEMINOMA
MC TT in children
yolk sac tumor
TT with best prognosis
yolk sac tumor
TT with WORST prognoss / HURRICANE tumor. why so?
CHORIOCARCINOMA
bcz it has early blood spread
mc primary b/l TT
mc secondary b/l TT
SEMINOMA
LYMPHOMA(IN OLD)
MC IN PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN
TERATOMA
STONESmicroscopy identtificn
1.STAGHORN/COFFIN SHAPED
2. dumbell shaped
3. envelope shape
4.rosette
5.needles
6. HEXAGONAL
1.struvite/ TRIPLE Phosphate stone
2. ca OX.monO H
3.CA OX. DIH
4. URIC ACID STONE
5. BRUSHITE
6. CYSTEINE
triad of MASS, fever, hematuria
painles large mobile tumor
mc in children
other name?
cross midline?
mc spread to?
most imp prognosis factor?
chemo tx regimen?
wilms tumor
painless
mc in young
it cross midline
other name- nephroblastoma
mc spread by hematogenous
to lungs
histology most imp progn factor
VCD( vincristine, cycloP, doxorubucin)
most imp P factor IN wilms tx?
most imp progn f in breast CA
ALL OTHER CANCERS- TNM MAINLYY!!!
- HISTOLOGY
- LN STATUS, ER/PR STATUS(IN METASTASIS)
tender red scotum, nausea, vomiting,- no wrinkling seen but high lying testicle in affected scotum ,caused by
twist of spermatic cord
cause necrosis(black)
test torsion mc post trauma
1.deming sign- aff testicle higher
2.ngel sign - unaff normal lying
3.prehn sigm-pain no relief on elevn of scrotum
4.cremasteric R -VE on aff side
tx- orchidopexy in 4 hrs
skin wrinkling seen
diln of pampiniform plexus
key w- “BAG OF WORMS” HANGING SENSN.
varicocele
blue dot sign
on test appendage torsion
fluid colln in tunica vaginalis/ TRANSillumn + ve
mc type?
other?
dx?
HDROCOELE
primary mc( large unsperated mass)
other- secondary post trauma,tumor,epidydmoorchitis
dx- USG
URINARY SX , WORKS IN DYE FACTORY, WHICH TUMOR
BLadder tx- RADICAL CYSTECTOMY
un desc testis mc locn
80%- inguinal
rest- abdominal
BLADDER TB C/F
XRAY- bladder wall calcifcn outline seen
cycstoscopy- pale uretreic orifice
best imaging of choice
1.VUR
2. WILMS TUMOR
- VCUG
- MRI SHOWS CALCIFICATION
CT HEAD dense lesions and dx
1.BICONVEX( b =e like)
2. crescent shape
3. bleed in ventric les,sulci
4. parenchymal bleed
- epidural/extradural
- subdural
3.sub arachnoid
4.contusion
triad
HTN
hematuria
flank pain
CT- ENLARGED B/L KIDNEYS
+FAM HISTORY, MC IN ADULTS
ans- ADPKD (AD AS IN ADULTS) MC type
both has multiple cystic destrn of kidneys
VS
ARPKD OCCUR IN CHILDREN , less common
aff poLycytin gene
chr 16,4
IOC-CECT-
IVPyelopgrSWISS CHEESE/ BUBBLE/ BELL/Sam- PIDER LEG APPEARANCE B/L
ADPKD
mc T causing osteoBLASTIC secondary tumors?
mc causing osteoLYTIC sec tx?
mc causing BOTH lytic, blastic
PROSTATE OSTEOBLASTIC
RCC -OSTEOLYTIC)
BREAST CA - BOTH
TUMOR- URINARY SYMPTOMS IN MEN
MC SPREAD HEMATOGEN . TO LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
(BACK ACHE)?
PROSTATE CA
1.CHECK FOER PSA- INC
2. DRE- HARD NODULAR prostate
ioc- TRUS GUIDED BIOPSY
FOR STAGING- mri
prostate ca ioc?
psa value for dx/
is specific/non specific(psa)
TRUS- biopsy
>20 ng/ml
its non specific marker
