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(Asope) STEP 2 > Surgery UWORLD > Flashcards

Surgery UWORLD Flashcards

1
Q

what is Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

A

when bacteria from the colon gets into the small bowel and it is caused by DM or jejunocoloic fistula

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2
Q

is HIV an indication to give meningococcal vaccine

A

no

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3
Q

when do you give meningococcal vaccine to adults

A

if they have complement deficiency or if they have no spleen

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4
Q

transaminases in young women with autoimmune hepatitis are usually?

A

high >1000

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5
Q

right upper quadrant pain
hard liver
mild elevated liver enzymes

A

cancer that has metastasized to the liver

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6
Q

what is the first management to a bruit that is heard under a clavicle fracture

A

angiogram because the clavicle lies close to the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus

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7
Q

what is a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity for diagnosis or for preparation for surgery

A

laparotomy

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8
Q

malabsorption that causes steatorrhea can cause what deficiency

A

Vitamin D ( calcium and phosphorus will be low, PTH will be high)

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9
Q

low cortisol
low aldosterone
high ACTH
???

A

primary Adrenal Insufficiency (autoimmune)

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10
Q

Low cortisol
Low ACTH
normal aldosterone
???

A

central Adrenal Insufficiency (chronic steroid use)

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11
Q

elevated lactate dehydrogenase and bilateral interstitial infiltrates are signs of

A

P. Jiroveci lung infection

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12
Q

patients who can get p. jiroveci have ?

A

either HIV or are always taking steoirdawl medication

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13
Q

what is the best test to asses a patients foot ulcer who has DM

A

monofilament test

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14
Q

what condition has the presence of “ F waves”

A

atrial flutter (flutter waves)

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15
Q

new onset right bundle branch block can be seen in?

A

pulmonary embolism

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16
Q

prosethetic joint infections can happen because of perioperatice contamination, if it happens within 3 months (acute) it is caused by ____, but if it happens as a delayed process it is cuased By _____?

A

s. aureaus or pseudomonas

s. epidermis

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17
Q

what can cause a low CO2 (respiratory alkalosis) and a low HCO3- (metabolic acidosis) and a pH in the normal range

A

aspirin toxicity

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18
Q

what is a common mistake when it comes to treating aspirin toxicity(fever, tinnitus, tachypnea)

A

because the ph is normal (7.4 range) the doctor may think that the patient is already compensating for the metabolic acidosis when they are not, eventually they will not be able to hyperventilate enough to get rid of it

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19
Q

what intervention for STEMI prolongs the chances of someone being okay

A

restoring blood flow (PCI)

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20
Q

the presence of 14-3-3 protein in CSF is a sign of

A

prion disease

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21
Q

albuminocytologic dissociation (high CSF proteins and normal cell count) is charcteristic of

A

Guillian _Barre!

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22
Q

patients with factor 5 leyden cannot respond to

A

protein c ( an innate anticoagulant)

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23
Q

calcitonin producing tumor that is derived from neuroendocrine parafoliccular C ells

A

medullary thyroid carcinoma

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24
Q

elevated bHCG and AFP is seen in

A

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor

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25
Q

normal AFP and elevated bHCG

A

seminomas

26
Q

most efficient test to differentiate between COPD and asthma

A

spirometry before and after bronchodilator

27
Q

describe what the drop arm test?

A

when a patient is asked to lower their arm slowly, if there is a rotator cuff tear then the arm will drop rapidly around mid-adduction.

28
Q

what is the muscle responsible for the first 15 degrees of abduction in the arm

A

supraspinatus

29
Q

long thoracic nerve weakness cause problems in what muscle

A

serrates anterior

30
Q

describe thalamic pain syndrom

A

several months after a thalamic stroke there is severe burning over the affected area when touched lightly

31
Q

what is torus plantains

A

a benign hard bony outgrowth on the midline of the hard palate.

32
Q

what are the side effects in patients who are taking anti-thyroid drugs and have agranulocytosis from them

A

fever and sore throat

33
Q

triad of hip, thigh and buttock claudication, impotence, and symmetric atrophy of the bilateral lower extremities due to chronic ischemia is called

A

Leriche Syndrome

34
Q

the tourniquet test is used to diagnose?

A

dengue fever

35
Q

antimicrobial treatment (prophylaxis) is not needed in lyme disease if the tick has been attached for how long

A

<36 hours

36
Q

fever, non productive cough and dyspnea in a person with bilateral interstitial infiltrates and HIV (CD4<200) most likely has

A

P. JIroveci

37
Q

tx for rosacea

A

metronidazole

38
Q

what anemia usually has two types of RBCs, hypo chromic and normochromic

A

sideroblastic anemia

39
Q

what anemia usually has high serum iron levels and low total iron binding capacity

A

sideroblastic anemia

40
Q

what heart rhythm occurs in people with WPW

A

Atrial Fibrillation

41
Q

in WPW there is already a problem with the ventricles contracting too quickly because of the accessory pathway, if the patient also develops AF what will happen?

A

the AF will bypass the AV node and lead to a rapid ventricular response and can cause VFib

42
Q

what do you treat patients with who have WPW and AFib

A

procainamide or ibulitide

43
Q

what to treat mild C diff diarrhea with

A

metronidazole

44
Q

what to treat recurrent colitis with or use as an initial therapy for patients with severe colitis who cannot tolerate vancomycin

A

Fidaxomicin

45
Q

what is the most common complication of influenza

A

secondary bacterial pneumonia (S. Aureus / St. Pneumo )

46
Q

what is the hallmark sign of Asbestosis

A

plural plaques

47
Q

in the US an induration of TB <15 is considered

A

negative ( no treatment)

48
Q

what is the test for penile fracture

A

retrograde urethrogram

49
Q

what can precipitated by decongestant use

A

acute angle closure glaucoma

50
Q

what test measures IOP and can give information if needed for acute angle glaucoma

A

tonometry

51
Q

what is performed to detect corneal abrasions or herpes keratitis

A

fluorescein staining

52
Q

what is characterized by decreased motor and sensation in the arms with sparing of the legs

A

central cord syndrome

53
Q

what kind of injury leads to locked-in syndrome

A

ventral brainstem injury

54
Q

what testing should be done with people with mollascum contagious

A

HIV

55
Q

oliguria is marked by

A

<500 ml in 24 hours

56
Q

calculus choleycisitis is seen in

A

very ill patients (ICU unities)

57
Q

rapid onset of periumbilical pain is seen in

A

acute mesenteric ischemia

58
Q

giant cell arteritis can cause what kind of complication

A

aortic aneurysm

59
Q

cavernous hemangioma of the pain and organs is a sign of

A

von-hippel-lindau disease

60
Q

what is the best test to test for hemi-neglect syndrome

A

asking patients to fill in the numbers of a clock

61
Q

what is keratoacanthoma

A

a rapidly growing volcano like growing nodule with a central keratitis plug

62
Q

what does sodium polystyrene sulfonate do

A

it decreases potassium in the body in 1-2 hours

(Asope) STEP 2 (8 decks)

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