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Step 2 > Surgery Shelf > Flashcards

Surgery Shelf Flashcards

0
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by ???

A

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

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1
Q

Most common cause of primary hypoparathyroidism?

A

Post-surgical

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2
Q

Most sensitive/specific test for PAD?

A

Ankle-Brachial Index (arterial dopplers are less sensitive/specific)

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3
Q

ABI of ??? is diagnostic of occlusive PAD

A

Less than/equal to 0.9

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4
Q

Size dx of acute appendicitis?

A

> 6 cm

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5
Q

DMILS pneumonic for hernias:

A

Direct hernias are Medial to epigastric vessels (projects thru ab wall); Indirect hernias are Lateral to epigastric vessels (projects thru ing. ring into Scrotum)

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6
Q

Ab pain, F, leukocytosis, inflammation/ rectal bleeding that is s/p polypectomy, with NO evidence of perforation: Dx?

A

Post polypectomy electro coagulation syndrome

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7
Q

Acute aortic dissection: DeBakey type 1 and type 2, type 3?

A

Type 1: ascending, arch, descending

Type 2: ascending. Type 3: descending

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8
Q

Charcot’s triad of cholangitis?

A

RUQ pain, fever, jaundice

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9
Q

Most accurate method to evaluate a thyroid nodule?

A

FNA

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10
Q

Common fx with FOOSH injuries?

A

Scaphoid

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11
Q

Most common surgical cause of ab pain

A

Appendicitis

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12
Q

Gold standard for Dx imaging of nephrolithiasis?

A

CT without contrast

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13
Q

Area of thickened mucosa located at distal end of anal fissure?

A

Sentinel pile

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14
Q

Obstipation definition

A

Severe constipation, 2/2 obstruction

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15
Q

Cushing’s triad, indicative of increased ICP, consist of:

A

Bradycardia, HTN, resp. distress

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16
Q

Most likely Post-Op infection: days 3-5? Days 5-7?

A

UTI. Wound/surgical site

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17
Q

Beck’s triad of pericardial tamponade:

A

Hypotension, elevated JVP, muffled/distant heart sounds

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18
Q

Reynolds Pentad for cholangitis:

A

Charcots triad (F/RUQ pain/jaundice) + AMS + shock

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19
Q

Upper GI bleeds are proximal to ???, Lower GI bleeds are distal.

A

Ligament of Treitz

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20
Q

Peritoneal signs necessitate emergent ???

A

Exploratory laparotomy

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21
Q

Dx of Boerhaave’s syndrome via ???

A

Gastrografin esophagram

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22
Q

T or F: femoral hernias, as compared to inguinal hernias, have a higher likelihood of incarceration/strangulation

A

True

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23
Q

Location of femoral hernias?

A

In empty space of “NAVeL”

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24
Q

Signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax?

A

RDS, hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation, diminished breath sounds

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25
Q

T or F: asymptomatic gallstones do not require prophylactic cholecystectomy or routine imaging

A

True

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26
Q

Cholecystectomy is indicated for stones > ???

A

5 mm

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27
Q

Confirm dx of cholangitis via?

A

ERCP

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28
Q

Adult burn TBSA: head? Arm? Leg? Trunk?

A

9%, 9%, 18%, 36%.

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29
Q

Neck midline mass that moves during tongue protrusion?

A

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

30
Q

Benign breast disease, classically presents as intermittent bloody discharge from one nipple. Difficult to palpate

A

Intraductal papillomas

31
Q

Hypocalcemia post thyroidectomy, presents with complaints of: MOANS, GROANS, BONES, STONES

A

{Anxiety, muscle cramps}, {Constipation}, {Osteoporosis}, {Kidney stones}

32
Q

F/C and deep ab pain suggests?

A

Retroperitoneal Abscess

33
Q

Acute pain/swelling in midline sacrococcygeal skin?

A

Infected Pilonidal Cyst

34
Q

Functional defect in bowel motility without physical obstruction

A

Ileus

35
Q

Acute DVT tx?

A

Heparin

36
Q

TOC for diverticulosis? Diverticulitis?

A

Barium enema. CT with contrast.

37
Q

Diverticulitis complications?

A

Fistula, perforation, abscess, obstruction.

38
Q

GI bleeding is rare in diverticulitis and common in diverticulosis: T or F

A

True

39
Q

Radiation therapy is NOT indicated n tx of colon ca, but is indicated in rectal ca: T or F

A

True

40
Q

In SBO, initiate care by decompressing bowel with ??!

A

NG tube

41
Q

Lung opacification on CXR is generally caused by ??? or ???

A

Effusion or Atelectasis

42
Q

Thompson test for Achilles’ tendon tear:

A

Pt prone, squeeze gastrocnemius and foot should plantar flex

43
Q

ACS pressure of ??? indicates need for emergent Fasciotomy

A
44
Q

Whipple procedure, which organs removed?

A

Head of pancreas, duodenum, proximal jejunum, GB, distal stomach

45
Q

Gold standard for dx of aortic dissection?

A

CT angiography

46
Q

T or F: there is no benefit of endarterectomy for COMPLETE occlusion of carotid

A

True

47
Q

Most common cause of SBO? LBO?

A

Adhesions. Neoplasms.

48
Q

The ??? kidney is preferred for living donor transplants bc it has a longer vein

A

Left

49
Q

Epididymitis is tx with?

A

Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline

50
Q

Epididymitis US findings?

A

Increased blood flow to affected side (hyperemia)

51
Q

T or F: cremasteric reflex usually absent in testicular torsion

A

True

52
Q

Classic presentation of secondary adrenal insufficiency in a post op pt:

A

Hypotension, shock, hyperkalemia

53
Q

Kehrs sign?

A

L shoulder pain 2/2 traumatic splenic rupture (blood irritates phrenic nerve)

54
Q

First orders for SBO

A

NPO, IVF, NG tube

55
Q

AAA’s > ??? cm require surgery

A

5

56
Q

Initial tx for stable pt with sigmoid volvulus?

A

Sigmoidoscopy for decompression

57
Q

Cecal Volvulus requires surgical intervention, as it is not amenable to endoscopic insufflation (unlike sigmoid volvulus). T or F

A

True

58
Q

Clinical presentation of perioperative adrenal insufficiency:

A

N/V/Ab pain, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypotension

59
Q

First indicator of hypovolemia?

A

Tachycardia

60
Q

First step after placing central venous cath?

A

Portable CXR to confirm proper placement

61
Q

Test used in cases of lower GI bleed where the source cannot be found via colonoscopy?

A

Tech-99 erythrocyte scintigraphy

62
Q

First step in suspected tension pneumothorax?

A

Needle thoracostomy in 2nd IC space at midclavicular line

63
Q

Acute appendicitis is a clinical dx and pts who present classically should have an immediate appendectomy (no imaging) to prevent rupture. T or F?

A

True

64
Q

Tx of CO poisoning?

A

100% oxygen

65
Q

Any penetrating wound below the ??? is considered to involve the abdomen and requires an ex lap

A

4th IC space/nipple line

66
Q

CT scan of ??? shows numerous minute punctuate hemorrhage switch blurring of grey-white interface

A

Diffuse axonal injury

67
Q

??? absorption is increased in Crohns pts, causing nephrolithiasis

A

Oxalate

68
Q

Hyperventilation decreases ICP by ???

A

Cerebral vasoconstriction (due to CO2 washout)

69
Q

Prime objective in rib fractures?

A

Pain relief, allowing proper ventilation and preventing Atelectasis and PNA

70
Q

The GCS assesses the pts ability to ???

A

Open eyes, verbal response, motor response

71
Q

Mulder sign?

A

Clicking sensation when squeezing 3/4 metatarsals. Mortons neuroma

72
Q

Dx AAA with?

A

CT abdomen. (US is for screening)

Step 2 (6 decks)

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