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Surgery Shelf Flashcards

0
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by ???

A

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

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1
Q

Most common cause of primary hypoparathyroidism?

A

Post-surgical

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2
Q

Most sensitive/specific test for PAD?

A

Ankle-Brachial Index (arterial dopplers are less sensitive/specific)

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3
Q

ABI of ??? is diagnostic of occlusive PAD

A

Less than/equal to 0.9

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4
Q

Size dx of acute appendicitis?

A

> 6 cm

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5
Q

DMILS pneumonic for hernias:

A

Direct hernias are Medial to epigastric vessels (projects thru ab wall); Indirect hernias are Lateral to epigastric vessels (projects thru ing. ring into Scrotum)

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6
Q

Ab pain, F, leukocytosis, inflammation/ rectal bleeding that is s/p polypectomy, with NO evidence of perforation: Dx?

A

Post polypectomy electro coagulation syndrome

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7
Q

Acute aortic dissection: DeBakey type 1 and type 2, type 3?

A

Type 1: ascending, arch, descending

Type 2: ascending. Type 3: descending

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8
Q

Charcot’s triad of cholangitis?

A

RUQ pain, fever, jaundice

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9
Q

Most accurate method to evaluate a thyroid nodule?

A

FNA

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10
Q

Common fx with FOOSH injuries?

A

Scaphoid

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11
Q

Most common surgical cause of ab pain

A

Appendicitis

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12
Q

Gold standard for Dx imaging of nephrolithiasis?

A

CT without contrast

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13
Q

Area of thickened mucosa located at distal end of anal fissure?

A

Sentinel pile

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14
Q

Obstipation definition

A

Severe constipation, 2/2 obstruction

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15
Q

Cushing’s triad, indicative of increased ICP, consist of:

A

Bradycardia, HTN, resp. distress

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16
Q

Most likely Post-Op infection: days 3-5? Days 5-7?

A

UTI. Wound/surgical site

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17
Q

Beck’s triad of pericardial tamponade:

A

Hypotension, elevated JVP, muffled/distant heart sounds

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18
Q

Reynolds Pentad for cholangitis:

A

Charcots triad (F/RUQ pain/jaundice) + AMS + shock

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19
Q

Upper GI bleeds are proximal to ???, Lower GI bleeds are distal.

A

Ligament of Treitz

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20
Q

Peritoneal signs necessitate emergent ???

A

Exploratory laparotomy

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21
Q

Dx of Boerhaave’s syndrome via ???

A

Gastrografin esophagram

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22
Q

T or F: femoral hernias, as compared to inguinal hernias, have a higher likelihood of incarceration/strangulation

A

True

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23
Q

Location of femoral hernias?

A

In empty space of “NAVeL”

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24
Signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax?
RDS, hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation, diminished breath sounds
25
T or F: asymptomatic gallstones do not require prophylactic cholecystectomy or routine imaging
True
26
Cholecystectomy is indicated for stones > ???
5 mm
27
Confirm dx of cholangitis via?
ERCP
28
Adult burn TBSA: head? Arm? Leg? Trunk?
9%, 9%, 18%, 36%.
29
Neck midline mass that moves during tongue protrusion?
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
30
Benign breast disease, classically presents as intermittent bloody discharge from one nipple. Difficult to palpate
Intraductal papillomas
31
Hypocalcemia post thyroidectomy, presents with complaints of: MOANS, GROANS, BONES, STONES
{Anxiety, muscle cramps}, {Constipation}, {Osteoporosis}, {Kidney stones}
32
F/C and deep ab pain suggests?
Retroperitoneal Abscess
33
Acute pain/swelling in midline sacrococcygeal skin?
Infected Pilonidal Cyst
34
Functional defect in bowel motility without physical obstruction
Ileus
35
Acute DVT tx?
Heparin
36
TOC for diverticulosis? Diverticulitis?
Barium enema. CT with contrast.
37
Diverticulitis complications?
Fistula, perforation, abscess, obstruction.
38
GI bleeding is rare in diverticulitis and common in diverticulosis: T or F
True
39
Radiation therapy is NOT indicated n tx of colon ca, but is indicated in rectal ca: T or F
True
40
In SBO, initiate care by decompressing bowel with ??!
NG tube
41
Lung opacification on CXR is generally caused by ??? or ???
Effusion or Atelectasis
42
Thompson test for Achilles' tendon tear:
Pt prone, squeeze gastrocnemius and foot should plantar flex
43
ACS pressure of ??? indicates need for emergent Fasciotomy
44
Whipple procedure, which organs removed?
Head of pancreas, duodenum, proximal jejunum, GB, distal stomach
45
Gold standard for dx of aortic dissection?
CT angiography
46
T or F: there is no benefit of endarterectomy for COMPLETE occlusion of carotid
True
47
Most common cause of SBO? LBO?
Adhesions. Neoplasms.
48
The ??? kidney is preferred for living donor transplants bc it has a longer vein
Left
49
Epididymitis is tx with?
Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline
50
Epididymitis US findings?
Increased blood flow to affected side (hyperemia)
51
T or F: cremasteric reflex usually absent in testicular torsion
True
52
Classic presentation of secondary adrenal insufficiency in a post op pt:
Hypotension, shock, hyperkalemia
53
Kehrs sign?
L shoulder pain 2/2 traumatic splenic rupture (blood irritates phrenic nerve)
54
First orders for SBO
NPO, IVF, NG tube
55
AAA's > ??? cm require surgery
5
56
Initial tx for stable pt with sigmoid volvulus?
Sigmoidoscopy for decompression
57
Cecal Volvulus requires surgical intervention, as it is not amenable to endoscopic insufflation (unlike sigmoid volvulus). T or F
True
58
Clinical presentation of perioperative adrenal insufficiency:
N/V/Ab pain, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypotension
59
First indicator of hypovolemia?
Tachycardia
60
First step after placing central venous cath?
Portable CXR to confirm proper placement
61
Test used in cases of lower GI bleed where the source cannot be found via colonoscopy?
Tech-99 erythrocyte scintigraphy
62
First step in suspected tension pneumothorax?
Needle thoracostomy in 2nd IC space at midclavicular line
63
Acute appendicitis is a clinical dx and pts who present classically should have an immediate appendectomy (no imaging) to prevent rupture. T or F?
True
64
Tx of CO poisoning?
100% oxygen
65
Any penetrating wound below the ??? is considered to involve the abdomen and requires an ex lap
4th IC space/nipple line
66
CT scan of ??? shows numerous minute punctuate hemorrhage switch blurring of grey-white interface
Diffuse axonal injury
67
??? absorption is increased in Crohns pts, causing nephrolithiasis
Oxalate
68
Hyperventilation decreases ICP by ???
Cerebral vasoconstriction (due to CO2 washout)
69
Prime objective in rib fractures?
Pain relief, allowing proper ventilation and preventing Atelectasis and PNA
70
The GCS assesses the pts ability to ???
Open eyes, verbal response, motor response
71
Mulder sign?
Clicking sensation when squeezing 3/4 metatarsals. Mortons neuroma
72
Dx AAA with?
CT abdomen. (US is for screening)

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