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0
Q

Initial monotherapy for HTN in diabetics/CKD?

A

ACE inhibitor or an ARB

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1
Q

Initial monotherapy for HTN in blacks?

A

Thiazide or long acting CCB

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2
Q

Innocent murmur that is described as vibratory or musical?

A

Still’s murmur

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3
Q

Osteoporosis is defined by T score below ??? on a DEXA scan

A

-2.5

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4
Q

Metformin cannot be used in patients with a GFR less than ??

A

30 mL/min

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5
Q

Most common cause of secondary HTN?

A

Renal artery stenosis

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6
Q

??? are contraindicated in tx of HTN 2/2 bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACE inhibitors (but preferred if unilateral)

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7
Q

??? diuretics aggravate gout by inhibiting secretion of uric acid

A

Thiazides (HCTZ)

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8
Q

??? are routinely followed for anyone on a statin

A

LFTs

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9
Q

What BP med has shown to reduce mortality in post MI pts?

A

ACE Inhibitors and Beta blockers (also used in CHF pts)

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10
Q

HCOM presents as a systolic murmur that ??? in intensity with a Valsalva maneuver

A

Increases

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11
Q

To decrease intensity of HCOM murmur, must ??? preload

A

Increase. (Via beta blockers)

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12
Q

Likely dx: increased TIBC and RDW, decreased serum iron and ferritin

A

Fe deficiency anemia

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13
Q

Lateral epicondylitis pain can be reproduced with resisted wrist ???

A

Extension

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14
Q

Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency, often presenting after trauma and associated with the 6 P’s:

A

Pain, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, poikilothermia

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15
Q

Sequence of ligamentous injury during inversion ankle sprains:

A

ATF, CF, PTF

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16
Q

Electrolyte abnormality after severe diarrhea? After sever vomiting?

A

Diarrhea: hypokalemia and metabolic ACIDOSIS. Vomiting: hypokalemia and metabolic ALKALOSIS

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17
Q

To decrease ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy, pts are started on:

A

Lactulose, neomycin, and a LOW protein diet

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18
Q

ABX for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

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19
Q

Symptomatic bradycardia tx?

A

Atropine

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20
Q

??? is characterized by ipsilateral loss of vibration/paralysis, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

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21
Q

Gout: acute tx? Prophylaxis?

A

NSAIDs (Indomethacin), colchicine, steroids; Allopurinol

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22
Q

Aspiration pneumonia is most often caused by ???

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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23
Q

Elderly pts with pneumonia, likely cause?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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24
Q

Hot tub folliculitis is caused by ???

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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25
Q

Best initial Dx test for suspected valvular dz?

A

ECHO

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26
Q

Most accurate diagnostic test for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Secretin stimulation test

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27
Q

Cirrhosis symptoms spider telangiectasias and gynecomastia are due to increased circulating???

A

Estrogen

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28
Q

ABX that can exacerbate MG symptoms?

A

Clindamycin and Aminoglycosides (avoid in MG pts)

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29
Q

Aphasia is a ??? lobe problem

A

Temporal

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30
Q

This Gram negative organism is a common cause of cellulitis in burn victims and patients with DM?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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31
Q

HepC tx: must perform psych eval before begging tx because ???, a component of the tx, has been shown to exacerbate psych disorders

A

Pegylated interferon

32
Q

Tx of choice for HepC?

A

Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin

33
Q

Screening test to detect diabetic nephropathy?

A

UA (*Microalbuminuria)

34
Q

T or F: medial meniscal tears are more common than lateral meniscal tears

A

TRUE

35
Q

Diagnostic study of choice to evaluate meniscal tears?

A

MRI

36
Q

In alcoholics, thiamine deficiency (wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) preferentially affects what brain structure?

A

Mamillary bodies

37
Q

Blowing holosystolic murmur that radiates to axilla?

A

Mitral regurgitation

38
Q

When the ACLS is torn, the ??? meniscus more commonly torn too

A

Lateral (otherwise MM is most common)

39
Q

Potassium replenishment doses: oral? Central line? IV?

A
    1. 10.
40
Q

For each 10 mEq of potassium given, the serum potassium level should rise by ??? mmol/L

A

0.1

41
Q

Primary TB affects ??? lobes and is asymptomatic; secondary affects ??? lobes and presents with fevers, night sweats, weight loss

A

Lower; Upper

42
Q

Painless glaucoma? Painful glaucoma?

A

Open-angle. Closed-angle.

43
Q

Tendons affected in DeQuervains tenosynovitis?

A

Abductor policis longus & extensor pollicis brevis

44
Q

Dx of obstructive sleep apnea via polysomnography:

A

At least 5 episodes of apnea with hypoxia per hour of sleep

45
Q

Primary aldosteronism is a cause of secondary HTN that will present with:

A

Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low renin levels

46
Q

T or F: NSAIDs are contraindicated in pregnancy

A

True

47
Q

External hemorrhoids are ???, whereas internal hemorrhoids are ???

A

Painful; Painless

48
Q

Type of dementia with characteristic visual hallucinations?

A

Lewy body dementia

49
Q

Type of dementia with characteristic change in personality and inappropriate social conduct?

A

FTD or Picks dz

50
Q

??? should be expected in a young, sexually active pt with arthritis, tenosynovitis, and a rash

A

Disseminated gonococcal arthritis

51
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia:

A

Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, Chronic dz, Sideroblastosis (TICS)

52
Q

ABX for prophylaxis for pts with cardiac dz at risk of IE when undergoing invasive procedures?

A

Amoxicillin

53
Q

Pain with climbing stairs, likely dx?

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

54
Q

CKD leads to ???, and thereby elevated ???. Placing the pt at increased risk form osteoporosis and osteopenia

A

Hypocalcemia; PTH

55
Q

Breath Hydrogen test: a hydrogen level > ?? is Dx of lactose intolerance

A

20 ppm

56
Q

Psoriatic arthritis has classic ??? deformity of DIP and PIP joints

A

“Pencil in cup”

57
Q

??? is commonly localized to the 2nd/3rd interdigital space, and commonly presents in pts wearing narrow shoes

A

Morton neuroma

58
Q

Bisphosphonate MOA for osteoporosis tx?

A

Binds hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclasts

59
Q

Most common tear in lateral epicondylitis?

A

Extensor Capri radialis brevis

60
Q

Theater sign

A

Knee Pain after prolonged sitting (PFS)

61
Q

Triad of reactive arthritis?

A

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

62
Q

Initial step in evaluation of pt with dementia?

A

MMSE

63
Q

Most reliable way to improve HDL?

A

Exercise

64
Q

Test of choice in establishing GERD?

A

24 hour pH monitoring

65
Q

Surgery is indicated in AAA that are > ??? in diameter

A

5.5 cm

66
Q

US surveillance of AAA’s, how often for: AAA’s 3-4 cm? AAA’s 4-5.5 cm?

A

Every year. Every 6 mos

67
Q

Tx pheochromocytomas with ???, followed by ???

A

Alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine); Beta blockers

68
Q

Prehns sign?

A

Epididymitis: relief of pain with testicular elevation

69
Q

Watson test helps confirm a ??? fracture

A

Scaphoid

70
Q

CHF breathing pattern characterized by cycles of apnea followed by hyperapnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

71
Q

PFS is 2/2 weakness of ???

A

VMO (vastus medialis obliquus)

72
Q

Popliteal cyst assoc. with chronic arthritis?

A

Bakers cyst

73
Q

Best initial imaging for bakers cyst?

A

US; MRI too but more $$

74
Q

First line treatments for CAP?

A

Macrolides, doxycycline, or fluoroquinolones

75
Q

Tx of H. Pylori?

A

Omeprazole, metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate

76
Q

HgbA1C goal for diabetics?

A
77
Q

Austin-Flint murmur?

A

Mid-diastolic rumble of aortic regurgitation

78
Q

To prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, thx pt with:

A

Vit D, calcium, bisphosphonates

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