Surgery recall anki

Question 1

meckel’s diverticulum (rule of 2s)

Answer 1

• in 2% of population
• 2 % asymptomatic
• approx 2 feet from ileocecal valve

Question 2

carcinoid triad

Answer 2

1. flushing
2. diarrhea
3. RHF

Question 3

Reynold’s Pentad (suppurative cholangitis)

Answer 3

1. fever
2. jaundice
3. RUQ pain
4. MS changes
5. Shock/Sepsis

charcot’s triad +4 and 5

Question 4

Valentino’s sign (perforated peptic ulcer)

Answer 4

RLQ pain
(succus/pus drains into RLQ)

Question 5

Dance’s sign (ileocecal intussusception)

Answer 5

empty RLQ in children

Question 6

Hamman’s sign “hamman’s crunch”

Answer 6

crunching sound on auscultation of heart
emphysematous mediastinum
ex. boerhaave’s, pneumomediastinum

Question 7

fothergill’s sign

Answer 7

to differentiate intraabdominal mass from mass in wall, if still felt when wall is under tension then mass is in wall

Question 8

Boas’ sign

Answer 8

right subscapular pain (cholelithiasis)

Question 9

Saint’s triad

Answer 9

1. cholelithiasis
2. hiatal hernia
3. diverticular disease

Question 10

afferent loop syndrome

Answer 10

after Billroth II gastrojejunostomy
obstruction of afferent loop

Question 11

Kehr’s sign

Answer 11

severe L shoulder pain in patient’s w/ splenic rupture (referred from diaphragm)

Question 12

whipple’s triad

Answer 12

evidence for insulinoma

1. hypoglycemia
2. CNS and vasomotor symptoms (syncope, diaphoresis)
3. symptoms relieve w/ glucose

Question 13

compartment syndrome

Answer 13

edema causes hypertension in a single compartment –> muscle necrosis of extremity

Question 14

Bergman’s triad (fat emboli syndrome)

Answer 14

1. MS changes (emboli —> stroke)
2. petechiae, esp. at axilla/thorax (like splinter hemorrhages)
3. dyspnea (like a PE)

Question 15

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 15

excessive cortisol production

Question 16

Blumer’s shelf

Answer 16

rectovesical “shelf” on rectal examination
sign of metastatic disease in rectouterine pouch

Question 17

dumping syndrome

Answer 17

often follows a gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty, gastrojejunostomy) hyperosmolar chime dumped into small bowel –> autonomic instability, pain, diarrhea
“chyme dumped into intestine, makes you DUMP”

Question 18

cullen’s sign

Answer 18

periumbilical ecchymoses –> retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracks into anterior fascial planes

Question 19

Fitz-hugh curtis syndrome

Answer 19

perihepatic gonorrhea infection

rx: 3rd gen ceph (ceftriaxone) and doxycycline (like G/C) - gonorrhea/chlamydia

Question 20

Beck’s triad (cardiac tamponade)

Answer 20

1. JVD
2. decreased/muffled heart sounds
3. decreased blood pressure

Question 21

gardner’s syndrome

Answer 21

GI polyps + “SOD”
(sebaceous cysts, osteomas, desmoid tumors)
these patient’s polyps have a high malignant potential