Surgery And Anatomy

Question 0

What anatomy did the Egyptians know about?

Answer 0

Brain, lungs, heart, stomach, kidneys, bowels, liver

Veins but knew them as metu

Question 1

What operations did the prehistoric do?

Answer 1

Set broken bones, trepanning

Question 2

What type of surgery could the prehistoric and Egyptians do?

Answer 2

Simple

Question 3

What type of surgery could Romans do?

Answer 3

Simple surgery and amputations

Question 4

What did the Romans use as anaesthetic?

Answer 4

Opium

Question 5

What was the problem with surgery in Roman times?

Answer 5

People died from infections

Question 6

What did Galen prove about the brain? On what?

Answer 6

That the brain controls the nerves in the body, pig

Question 7

How accurate was Galen?

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

What were some of Galen’s mistakes?

Answer 8

Blood crossed from one side to the other via the sternum

The human jaw has two bones

Question 9

Why did Galen make some of his mistakes?

Answer 9

He dissected monkeys and other animals

Question 10

What were barber surgeons?

Answer 10

Cut hair and did simple surgery

Question 11

What kind of surgery could barber surgeons do?

Answer 11

Pull teeth, remove abscesses, amputations, eye injuries

Question 12

When did barber surgeons first appear?

Answer 12

Middle Ages

Question 13

What did they use as anaesthetic?

Answer 13

Alcohol and opium

Question 14

Why was surgery not good in the Middle Ages?

Answer 14

Died from infection in wounds

Question 15

What books did Europeans use in Middle Ages?

Answer 15

Galens

Question 16

Why was Galen’s work used in Middle Ages?

Answer 16

Church promoted it and had strong influence

Question 17

What new anatomy did Ibn-al-Nafis give?

Answer 17

Blood went through lungs

Question 18

When was Ibn-al-Nafis?

Answer 18

Middle Ages

13th century

Question 19

What did the Islamic empire have in the Middle Ages Europe didn’t?

Answer 19

Medical schools

Question 20

When Paré born?

Answer 20

1510

Question 21

What did Paré use to stop blood loss?

Answer 21

Ligatures, tied off vessels with threads

Question 22

What did Paré design?

Answer 22

Sophisticated artificial limbs

Question 23

What was cauterisation?

Answer 23

Burning ends with red hot iron

Question 24

What did Paré do instead of cauterisation?

Answer 24

Used eggs, rose water and turpentine instead of palm oil

Question 25

Why did Paré invent the new cauterisation?

Answer 25

He ran out of oil

Question 26

Where was Vesalius professor?

Answer 26

Padua university

Question 27

What was Vesalius allowed to do?

Answer 27

Human dissections but he couldn't boil bodies for skeletons

Question 28

What did Vesalius write and when?

Answer 28

'The fabric of the human body' in 1543

Question 29

What was innovative about Vesalius' book?

Answer 29

accurate diagrams

Question 30

What did Vesalius correct about anatomy?

Answer 30

Blood goes through lungs not septum

Question 31

What did Harvey focus on?

Answer 31

Circulation of the blood

Question 32

Who was Harvey a royal physician to?

Answer 32

James 1 | Charles 1

Question 33

What did Harvey say about the colour of blood?

Answer 33

Changed colour as went through the lungs

Question 34

What did Harvey identify about blood vessels?

Answer 34

Difference between veins and arteries

Question 35

What did Harvey also say about circulation?

Answer 35

Valves so blood couldn't go backward Heart was pump Circulated

Question 36

When did Harvey write his book?

Answer 36

1628

Question 37

Who identified nitrous oxide for anaesthetic?

Answer 37

Davy

Question 38

When and who discovered ether for anaesthetic?

Answer 38

Crawford long, 1842

Question 39

Who discovered chloroform and when for anaesthetic?

Answer 39

Simpson 1847

Question 40

Who discovered cocaine as an anaesthetic and when?

Answer 40

Halstead 1884

Question 41

What did Semmelweis use on hands?

Answer 41

Chloride of lime solution

Question 42

What did lister use in operating theatres?

Answer 42

Carbolic acid

Question 43

When did Lister hear about germ theory?

Answer 43

1865

Question 44

What was Listers use of carbolic acid?

Answer 44

Antiseptics

Question 45

When were antiseptics being used in most European and American surgeries?

Answer 45

By 1890's

Question 46

What did Halstead invent in 1889?

Answer 46

Surgical gloves

Question 47

When did Rontgen discover x-rays?

Answer 47

1895

Question 48

Who discovered radioactive isotopes?

Answer 48

Becquerel Pierre Marie curie

Question 49

What do radioactive isotopes do?

Answer 49

Treat cancer as part of radiotherapy Immunosuppression Tracers in diagnosis

Question 50

When were blood groups discovered?

Answer 50

1900

Question 51

Who discovered blood groups?

Answer 51

Landsteiner

Question 52

When was sodium citrate found and what did it do to blood?

Answer 52

Ww1 | Stopped blood clotting in air allowing it to be stored more easily

Question 53

When was the British National Blood Transfusion Service established?

Answer 53

1946

Question 54

Who did McIndoe treat?

Answer 54

Burn patients

Question 55

What was McIndoe famous for?

Answer 55

Plastic surgery

Question 56

When was the first kidney transplant?

Answer 56

1951

Question 57

When was the first heart transplant?

Answer 57

1967

Question 58

How long did the first heart transplant patient live for?

Answer 58

18 days

Question 59

When was cyclosporin approved as an immunosuppressant drug?

Answer 59

1983

Question 60

When was keyhole surgery developed?

Answer 60

1980's

Question 61

Why is key hole surgery better?

Answer 61

Less invasive Smaller scars Quicker recovery

Question 62

What is an example of keyhole surgery?

Answer 62

``` Endoscope to see inside body Vasectomies Removing appendix Mending hernias Removing cysts ```