Disease And Infection

Question 0

What is a rational response to medicine?

Answer 0

A treatment based on common sense, evidence and the world around them

Question 1

What did the Egyptians think caused disease?

Answer 1

Blocked channels like the Nile, gods especially Sekhmet, evil spirits

Question 2

What is an irrational response to medicine?

Answer 2

A treatment based on spirits or supernatural ideas

Question 3

Who did the Egyptians go to for cures?

Answer 3

Women, the rich had daughter

Question 4

How did the Egyptians ward off disease?

Answer 4

Wearing charms and amulets, praying

Question 5

Who did prehistoric go to for cures?

Answer 5

Medicine men

Question 6

What did the prehistoric believe caused disease?

Answer 6

Evil spirits

Question 7

What is trepanning?

Answer 7

A surgical operation of drilling into the skull, to ‘relieve spirits’ or headaches

Question 8

What are the factors?

Answer 8

War
Superstition and religion
Individual
Chance
Science and technology
Government
Communication

Question 9

What is metu?

Answer 9

Channels that carry air, blood and many other fluids- veins as we know them

Question 10

What is wehedu?

Answer 10

Bad substances that cause illness, rotten food and faeces

Question 11

What are channels?

Answer 11

Connected to the heart to the rest of the body, known as metu

Question 12

Who was Asclepios? Asclepion?

Answer 12

Greek god of healing, a temple of Asclepios where people prayed to be cured

Question 13

In ancient Egypt who had doctors?

Answer 13

Rich and poor

Question 14

In ancient Egypt what key ideas did the Hippocratic doctors use

Answer 14

Observation, recorded symptoms and made notes, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment
Minimal intervention

Question 15

What was regimen in ancient Greece?

Answer 15

A healthy lifestyle

Question 16

What is the four humours? Who thought it up?

Answer 16

Body had to be kept in balance, Hippocrates, Galen

Question 17

What were the four humours?

Answer 17

Yellow bile (vomit), black bile (faeces), phlegm (snot), blood (red noses, flushed face)

Question 18

What did the Romans use?

Answer 18

Four humours, Asclepion

Question 19

Who treated sick in the Middle Ages?

Answer 19

Wealthy- physicians, doctors

Poor- wives, mothers, other wise women some quack doctors, apothecary (chemist)

Question 20

What new ideas were used in treating the sick in the Middle Ages?

Answer 20

Urine charts, astrology

Question 21

Who were quack doctors?

Answer 21

Travelling doctors, didn’t usually cure illnesses, usually expensive

Question 22

What did people blame for disease in Middle Ages?

Answer 22

Star charts, immoral behaviour, gods punishment

Question 23

What was key about the doctors in the Middle Ages?

Answer 23

All doctors had to be licensed by a university and women were not allowed to go to the university

Question 24

What is inoculation?

Answer 24

When you give someone a small amount of a disease to make their body make antibodies so that you don't get a bad case of it later

Question 25

What is vaccination?

Answer 25

When you give someone a dose of a related or similar disease to create antibodies so they do not get the more serious disease

Question 26

When was Jenner's inoculation first tried? On who?

Answer 26

1796, James Phipps

Question 27

Who was Lady Montagu?

Answer 27

Brought inoculations over to England in 18th century

Question 28

Why did doctors like inoculation?

Answer 28

Made them rich

Question 29

When were vaccination made free for infants?

Answer 29

1840

Question 30

When were vaccinations made compulsory for infants?

Answer 30

1853

Question 31

When was smallpox eradicated?

Answer 31

1979

Question 32

When did Nightingale do her work? What did she do?

Answer 32

Crimean war, cleaned war hospitals, set up Royal College of Nursing

Question 33

When was Seacole?

Answer 33

Crimean war

Question 34

When was Pasteur employed to find out why sugar beet in fermenting alcohol soured? Why was it important?

Answer 34

1857, led to germ theory

Question 35

When did Pasteur develop the Germ theory?

Answer 35

1861

Question 36

When did Pasteur create the chicken cholera vaccine?

Answer 36

1879

Question 37

What did Koch use?

Answer 37

Dyeing techniques

Question 38

What did Koch identify?

Answer 38

Anthrax spores 1875 Septicaemia 1882 Tuberculosis 1882 Cholera 1883

Question 39

Why was the search for new disease between Koch and Pasteur heightened?

Answer 39

The German vs French war

Question 40

When did Ehrlich set out to find the chemicals that could act as synthesised antibodies?

Answer 40

1889

Question 41

When was the spirochete bacterium that caused syphilis identified?

Answer 41

1905

Question 42

When did Hata join Ehrlichs team?

Answer 42

1909

Question 43

When was the first magic bullet first tried on a human?

Answer 43

1911

Question 44

What was the name of the first magic bullet?

Answer 44

Salvarsan 606

Question 45

When did Fleming find the fungus on a dish of staphylococci?

Answer 45

1928

Question 46

When did Fleming discover the antiseptic qualities in tears and what was it called?

Answer 46

1922, lysozyme

Question 47

What did Domagk find and when?

Answer 47

A red dye, prontosil, to stop streptococcus in 1932

Question 48

What happened to Domagk in 1935?

Answer 48

His daughter pricked herself with a needle and caught streptococcus, he gave her prontosil, she recovered but turned red

Question 49

What were the side effects of prontosil?

Answer 49

Effected the liver and kidneys

Question 50

What did Florey and Chain develop?

Answer 50

The freeze-drying technique

Question 51

Why did Florey and Chain know penicillin would be important?

Answer 51

It would be needed to treat soldiers in world war 2

Question 52

Why didn't Britain support the mass production of penicillin?

Answer 52

It was too busy making explosives

Question 53

Why did America help with the mass production of penicillin?

Answer 53

When it joined the war in 1941

Question 54

When was the mass production of penicillin sufficient for military needs?

Answer 54

1944

Question 55

When did Florey, Chain and Fleming get a Nobel prize?

Answer 55

1945

Question 56

When was the structure of DNA first described?

Answer 56

1953

Question 57

Whose works did Crick and Watson rely heavily on?

Answer 57

Rosalind Franklin | Maurice Wilkins

Question 58

When did Wilkins, Crick and Watson share a Nobel prize for physiology or medicine?

Answer 58

1962