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SMLE 🚀 > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment of recurrent esophageal varices bleeding

A

Atenolol

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2
Q

Variceal bleeding case. What to give initially after resuscitation

A

Octeotide

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3
Q

small (≤3 cm) appendiceal abscess

A

appendectomy

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4
Q

Larger (>3 cm) abscesses

A

intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage first

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5
Q

PSC do and tx

A

MRCP, Ursodeoxycholic acid

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6
Q

Tumors in the lower rectum (ie, tumors within 5 cm of the anal verge)

A

abdominal perineal resection

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7
Q

Young patient with breast lump. On examination, an oval mass with smooth surface 2*2cm. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

cyst

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8
Q

Klatskin tumor

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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9
Q

Patient post cholecystectomy on day 8 (or 9) develops right mouth corner pain and fever 38.5o C. What is the management?

A

Antibiotic

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10
Q

Malleolar ulcer, edema, irregular border

A

Venous

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11
Q

Distal points, necrotic Eschar, weak pulse

A

Arterial

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12
Q

After appendectomy, a patient got abdominal infection by enterococcus faecium. He is allergic to penicillin. what are you going to give him?

A

vancomycin

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13
Q

Repair of AVF is indicated for patients with

A
  • claudication or distal limb ischemia
  • Significant edema or venous insufficiency
  • Heart failure
  • Progressive enlargement under ultrasound surveillance
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14
Q

Case of severe Clostridium difficile diarrhea. What is the management?

A

Oral vancomycin

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15
Q

Urethral trauma with bleeding post MVC. What is the next step?

A

Retrograde urethrogram

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16
Q

Classic hydatid cyst scenario. What is the management?

A

treatment for cysts < 5 cm: albendazole

Goal: resect the whole cyst to prevent spillage of its content

  • Indications: > 10 cm, complicated cysts
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17
Q

Low anterior resection surgery complicated with sudden bleeding

A

Clamp infra-renal aorta

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18
Q

Prenatally diagnosed CDH

A

antenatal glucocorticoids

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19
Q

Case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. What is the management after stabilization?

A

Surgical repair

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20
Q

Patient who had recent abdominal surgery presented with fever and other symptoms. what is the most probable cause?

A

Subphrenic abscess

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21
Q

The primary cause of postoperative fever that is unique to abdominal surgery is The primary cause of postoperative fever that is unique to abdominal surgery is

A

deep abdominal abscess.

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22
Q

45 years with history of bilateral varicose veins f

A

Endovascular laser ablation

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23
Q

Patient with GIST tumor. What is the most accurate management?

A

<2: observe

>2: wide local excision

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24
Q

Stomach tumor with positive secretin stimulation test:

A

Gastrinoma

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25
Q

Post-operative prophylaxis of DVT

A

Enoxaparin

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26
Q

In patients with cirrhosis of the liver or chronic hepatitis B/C infection, ___ is used as a screening test for HCC!

A

AFP

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27
Q

Case is acute pericarditis ECG treatment

A

colchicine plus NSAID

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28
Q

Newborn with bilateral inguinal hernia management?

A

Herniotomy

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29
Q

Posterior shoulder dislocation, the shoulder was flat, adducted, and internally rotated.

A

Subacromial

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30
Q

Indication of parathyroid surgery:

A

Impaired renal function

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31
Q

Medullary carcinoma in left lobe and the right was normal. What to do?

A

Total thyroidectomy

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32
Q

Breast mass behind areolar BIRADS (5). What investigation to order?

A

Core tissue biopsy

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33
Q

Patient cannot move distal phalanx

A

Profundus muscle

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34
Q

Chance fracture

A

perforated duodenum

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35
Q

Patient with a history of MI 2 weeks back after 24 hours form discharge from hospital the pt Presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of pain and loss of sensation on the right leg. On examination, the right leg is pale , cold , with absent pulse . What is the diagnosis ?

A

Acute embolic ischemia

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36
Q

Structure entrapped in flat foot

A

Spring ligament

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37
Q

Patient with atrial fibrillation on warfarin hematoma that required evacuation? INR, 3.9

A

Vit-K + fresh frozen plasma

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38
Q

Small incisional hernia repair

A

Primary repair

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39
Q

Large incisional hernia repair

A

Hernioplasty

40
Q

Child with otitis media , what antibiotic should be used?

A

Amoxicillin

41
Q

Neurogenic shock tx

A

Fluid
Atropine

If fluid fails and bradycardiac epinephrine

If fluid fails and not bradycardiac phenylephrine

42
Q

Lower lobe left parathyrodectomy after 4 month pt complaining of tetany, fatigue ,high calcium + high PTH?

A

Missed adenoma < 6

Recurrent > 6

43
Q

Patient young age k/c of lower limb AV malformation, which of the following will indicate intervention?

A

Claudication

44
Q

Gray turner sign

A

Hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis

45
Q

Ulcer with intact skin how to manage and what grade

A

1, transparent film

46
Q

Ulcer with partial thickness loss how to manage and what grade

A

2, dressings

47
Q

Ulcer with necrosis loss how to manage and what grade

A

4, debridement of necrotic tissue, and appropriate dressings.

48
Q

Ulcer with tendon showing how to manage and what grade

A

3, debridement of necrotic tissue, and appropriate dressings.

49
Q

The presentation of hypercalcemia includes stones bones thrones groans, and psychiatric overtones.

A

The presentation of hypercalcemia includes stones (nephrolithiasis), bones (bone pain, arthralgias), thrones (increased urinary frequency), groans (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting), and psychiatric overtones (anxiety, depression, fatigue). Note that these are also the findings of vitamin D overdose!

50
Q

Pt 56 year old with none specific lower abdominal pain . Normal hormonal levels. On ultrasound, there is a 5 cm adrenal mass , no other signs. What to do ?

A

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy

51
Q

Empirical antibiotic therapy Indications:

A

Erythema and induration extending > 5 cm from the wound edge
Fever > 38.5° C
Heart rate > 110/min
WBC count > 12,000 cells/mm3

52
Q

Empirical antibiotic therapy of choice

A

Low risk of MRSA: cefazolin High risk of MRSA, or individuals allergic to beta-lactams: vancomycin

53
Q

WBC in septic arthritis

A

> 50,000

54
Q

Septic arthritis triad

A

Fever warmth redness

55
Q

AAA rupture testing

A

CT with contrast

56
Q

After breast cancer surgery, pt came with numbness , which never most likely injured?

A

intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN)

57
Q

After appendectomy , you found a carcinoid tumor >2, what to do ?

A

right hemicolectomy

58
Q

After appendectomy , you found a carcinoid tumor <2 , what to do ?

A

simple appendectomy alone is adequate

59
Q

Gold standard diagnostic modality for an ulcer in peripheral arterial disease ?

A

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

60
Q

colon cancer most common site

A

Rectosigmoid

61
Q

65 Left illiac fossa pain

A

Divertcular disease

62
Q

Old male, Blunt abdomen, urgent to urinat, and painful urination , which diagnostic modality to use ?

A

retrograde cystourethrography

63
Q

Questions about pt with toxic nodular goiter , presents with exophthalmos , proptosis , asking for management?

A

Depends on the other side, total vs hemi

64
Q

Elderly ICU patient with fluid behind gallbladder. What is the treatment

A

Percutaneous chole

65
Q

Case of deep vein thrombosis, 74 year old who is diabetic, hypertensive and has left lower limb pain. On examination, left femoral pulse is intact. Left popliteal + left dorsalis are absent. Best treatment:

A

Catheter thrombolysis

If a fib consider embolectomy

66
Q

Patient fell on his leg with skin loss and vascular structure appear and ask about treatment

A

Debridement and secondary skin graft

67
Q

young man with back and Buttock pain , improves with movement?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

68
Q

Surgery for hernia with mesh, after 3 weeks came to ER c/o pain and discharge x-ray shows 3x3 cm collection of fluid. high WBC. What is the NEXT?

A

Open and remove mesh

69
Q

Localized pain without gastrointestinal upset

A

Rectus sheath hematoma

70
Q

mass and tenderness in the right iliac fossa after minor trauma

A

Rectus sheath hematoma

71
Q

Case of bilateral multiple breast masses increased in size w mensuration?

A

Fibrocystic is related to menstruation

72
Q

OCP increase the risk of thromboembolic events, so should be stopped at least ____ before surgery

A

1 month

73
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Hypotension
Muffled heart sounds
Increased jvp

74
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, found malignant cells, dx:

A

lymphoma

75
Q

Management of angiodysplasia:

A

Endoscopic Cauterization. 2nd: Embolization. 3rd: Right hemicolectomy

76
Q

X ray shows thumb print sign.

A

Bowel ischemia

77
Q

How to prevent hypercalciuria that causes stones:

A

thiazide

78
Q

Someone with GERD endoscopy shows esophagitis

A

nissen fundoplication

79
Q

Question about renal impairment with arteriovenous anastomoses or shunt:

A

radio cephalic

80
Q

What is the first symptom to be found in compartment syndrome?

A

Pain

81
Q

posterior acoustic enhancement on US

A

Phylloid

82
Q

TSH low, next step?

A

Thyroid scan

83
Q

TSH high or normal, next step?

A

US/FNA

84
Q

Most common site of volvulus

A

Elderly sigmoid

Children cecum

85
Q

GIST with mets?

A

Imatinib (tki)

86
Q

Dcis

A

Lump and radiation

Mast and slnb

87
Q

Paget

A

Mastectomy and slnb

88
Q

Diffuse breast calcification

A

Mastectomy and slnb

89
Q

Phylloid

A

WLE and radio

90
Q

2.6-2.9 AAA Screen after

A

5 years

91
Q

3-3.4 AAA Screen after

A

3 years

92
Q

3.4-4.4 AAA Screen after

A

12 m

93
Q

4.4-5.4 AAA Screen after

A

6 m

94
Q

Smoking increase lung ca by __ folds

A

30

95
Q

Smoking latency period

A

20 years

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