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PHI REVIEW > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site of cholangiocarcinoma

A

Hepatic duct bifurcation “Klatskin tumor”

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2
Q

External impingement of CBD

A

Mirrizi Syndrome

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3
Q

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

A

Charcot’s Triad

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4
Q

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice, hypotension, neurologic symptoms

A

Reynold Pentad

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5
Q

Symptomatic fasting hypoglycemia, serum glucose < 50 mg/dl, relief of symptoms with glucose administration

A

Whipple Triad

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6
Q

Most common malignant melanoma

A

Superficial spreading (70%)

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7
Q

Malignant melanoma with best prognosis

A

Lentigo maligna

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8
Q

Least common malignant melanoma which appears among dark-skinned individuals

A

Acral lentiginous (2-8%)

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9
Q

Acral lentiginous malignant melanoma on the great toe or thumb (sign)

A

Hutchinson sign

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10
Q

Optimum cytology count for solitary thyroid nodule

A

At leat 6 follicles each containing at least 10-15 cells from at least 2 aspirates

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11
Q

Superior thyroid artery origin

A

External carotid artery

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12
Q

Inferior thyroid artery origin

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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13
Q

Thyroidea ima artery origin

A

Innominate artery or aorta

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14
Q

Kidney stones, painful bones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones (disease)

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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15
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter total length? Abdominal length? Resting pressure?

A

3-5 cm, 2-4 cm, 6-26 mmHg

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16
Q

Hallmark of intestinal metaplasia in esophagus

A

Barrett esophagus (squamous –> columnar)

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17
Q

Hypertensive LES, aperistalsis of esophageal body, failure of LES to relax

A

Achalasia

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18
Q

3 types of esophageal diverticula

A

Zenker (pharyngoesophageal), midthoracic or parabronchial, epiphrenic diverticula

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19
Q

Area of potential weakness behind the esophagus at the level of the cricopharyngeus muscle

A

Killian triangle

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20
Q

Peptic ulcer disease affecting mucosa only

A

Erosion

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21
Q

Layers affected by acute peptic ulcer disease

A

Mucosa, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propia

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22
Q

Layers affected by chronic peptic ulcer disease

A

Mucusa, muscularis mucusa, submucosa, muscularis propia, serosa

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23
Q

Most common complication of peptic ulcer disease

A

Bleeding (others perforation and gastric outlet obstruction)

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24
Q

H. pylori eradication Bismuth triple therapy regimen

A

Bismuth 2 tabs QID, Metronidazole 250 mg TID, Tetracycline 500 mg QID

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25
Q

H. pylori eradication quadruple therapy regimen

A

Bismuth triple therapy regimen + PPI BID

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26
Q

PPI triple therapy regimen for H. pylori eradication

A

PPI BID, Amoxicillin 1 gram BID, Clarithromycin 500 mg BID

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27
Q

Standard surgical operation for gastric adenocarcinoma

A

Radical subtotal gastrectomy

28
Q

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) arise from which cells?

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

29
Q

Eponyms for gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis (give 4)

A

Virchow node, Sister Mary Joseph nodule, Krukenberg tumor, Blumer shelf

30
Q

Give 2 paraneoplastic syndromes of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

Trosseau syndrome, acanthosis nigricans

31
Q

Surgery for GIST

A

Wedge resection with negative margins

32
Q

Treatment of unresectable, metastatic GIST

A

Imatinib (Gleevec)

33
Q

Amoebicidal agents for amebic liver abscess

A

Metronidazole, chloroquine, tinidazole

34
Q

Lumina agents for amebic liver abscess

A

Paramomomycin, Iodoquinol, Doloxanide furoate

35
Q

Primary bile salts (2)

A

Cholate and chenodeoxycholate

36
Q

Secondary bile salts (2)

A

Deoxycholate and lithocolate

37
Q

Gallbladder accessory duct (proper name)

A

Duct of Luschka

38
Q

Amount of bile produced per day (ml)

A

500-1000 ml per day

39
Q

An opening 10 cm distal to pylorus

A

Ampulla of Vater (sorrounded by sphincter of Odi)

40
Q

Gold standard treatment for cholangiocarcinoma

A

Resection

41
Q

Components of triangle of Calot

A

Liver margin (superior), common hepatic duct (medial), cystic duct (inferolateral)

42
Q

Local ablation options for hepatocellular carcinoma (5)

A

Percutaneous ethanol injection, percutaneous acetic acid injection, radiofrequency ablation, microwave coagulation therapy, cryotherapy

43
Q

Abdominal pain, jaundice, mass

A

Choledochal cyst

44
Q

Most common choledochal cyst type

A

Type 1 (fusiform)

45
Q

Saccular type of choledochal cyst

A

Type 2

46
Q

Choledochocoele (choledochal cyst type)

A

Type 3

47
Q

Choledochal cyst involving extra and intrahepatic ducts

A

Type 4a

48
Q

Choledochal cyst involving extrahepatic ducts only

A

Type 4b

49
Q

Choledochal cyst involving intrahepatic ducts only

A

Type 5 (Caroli disease)

50
Q

Surgery for strangulated inguinal hernia

A

Emergency surgery (consider non-mesh when + risk of infection)

51
Q

Surgery for symptomatic or minimally symptomatic inguinal hernia

A

Consider watchful waiting

52
Q

Surgery for symptomatic primary unilateral, primary bilateral or recurrent (after posterior technique) inguinal hernia

A

Mesh technique - Lichtenstein

53
Q

Surhery for recurrent inguinal hernia after anterior technique

A

Mesh technique - endoscopic or open posterior approach

54
Q

Surgical procedures for chronic pancreatitis (2)

A

Drainage procedures (sphincterotomy/plasty, Peustow-Gillesby procedure) and Whipple procedure

55
Q

The only definitive and potentially curatove treatment of periampullary carcinoma

A

Whipple Surgery

56
Q

Hernia of antimesenteric part only

A

Richter Hernia

57
Q

Meckel diverticulum hernia

A

Littre Hernia

58
Q

Direct + Indirect hernia

A

Pantaloon Hernia

59
Q

2 loops in the same ring (W-shaped hernia)

A

Maydl Hernia

60
Q

Hernia of appendix

A

Amyand Hernia

61
Q

Hernia of superior lumbar triangle

A

Grynfeltt Hernia

62
Q

Hernia of inferior lumbar triangle

A

Petit Hernia

63
Q

Hernia of anterior diaphragm

A

Morgagni Hernia

64
Q

Hernia of posterior diaphragm

A

Bochdaleck Hernia

65
Q

Hernia lateral to rectus muscle

A

Spigelian Hernia

66
Q

The diagnosis of pleural TB as a causenof exudative pleural effusion is established bh which 2 tests?

A

Adenosine deaminase > 40 IU/L or Gamma interferon > 140 pg/ml

PHI REVIEW (6 decks)

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