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D&D > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of anorectal abscess or fistulas

A
  1. Trauma
    1. Hard stools
    2. Excessive Diarrhea
    3. Anal intercourse
    4. Radiation
    5. Crohns Disease
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2
Q

Give six differential diagnosis of nipple discharges

A
  1. Pregnancy
    1. Infection and Mastitis
    2. Galactorrhea
    3. Fibrocystic changes
    4. Intraductal papilloma
    5. Carcinoma
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3
Q

Give eight sources of infection in surgical patients

A
  1. Indwelling intravenous line or catheter related sepsis
    1. Surgical Site Infection
    2. Clostridium Difficile Enteritis
    3. Urinary Tract Infection
    4. Sinusitis
    5. Acalculous Cholecystitis
    6. Perforated PUD
    7. Diverticulitis
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4
Q

Give six causes of instability after blunt trauma

A
  1. Tension Pneumothorax
    1. Hemothorax
    2. Cardiac Tamponade
    3. Cardiac Contusion
    4. Air emboli
    5. Injury to great vessels
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5
Q

Give the type of cancer associated with the following tumor markers

1. CEA	
2. AFP	
3. CA19-9	
4. PSA
5. CA 15-3
A
  1. CEA colon cancer
    1. AFP hepatocellular CA
    2. CA19-9 pancreatic CA
    3. PSA prostate
    4. CA 15-3 breast CA
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6
Q

Give six indications for mandatory intra-operative exploration of the common bile duct

A
  1. Jaundice
    1. CBD dilation more than 12 mm
    2. Filling defect in CBD noted on cholangiogram
    3. No stones in gallbladder
    4. Acute Pancreatitis
    5. Palpable stones in CBD
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7
Q

Give eight conditions or disease entities for which splenectomy may be curative

A
  1. Hereditary Spherocytosis
    1. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
    2. Sickle cell disease
    3. Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    4. Thalassemia
    5. Hereditary Elliptocytosis
    6. Secondary hypersplenism
    7. Splenic truma
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8
Q

Give eight signs and symptoms of small bowel obstruction

A
  1. Colicky abdominal pain
    1. Vomiting
    2. Constipation
    3. Obstipation or absence of flatus
    4. High-pitched tingling sounds
    5. Abdominal distention
    6. No rebound tenderness
    7. No peritonitis
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9
Q

Give FIVE signs of limb ischemia

A
  1. Pallor
    1. Paresthesia
    2. Pulselessness
    3. Poikilothermia
    4. Pain
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10
Q

Give at least seven specific disease entities which causes GIT obstruction in the newborn

A
  1. duodenal atresia
    1. malrotation or midgut volvulus
    2. jejunal atresia
    3. meconium ileus
    4. NEC
    5. Hirschprung’s diseases
    6. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric
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11
Q

What are the ABCDE of trauma management?

A 
A – Airway and cervical spine control
	B – Breathing
	C – Circulation
	D – Deficit / disability
	E – Exposure
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12
Q

Give six signs and symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax

A
  1. sudden onset of severe pleuritic chest pain
    1. dyspnea
    2. hyperresonance to percussion
    3. absent tactile fremitus
    4. ipsilateral tracheal deviation
    5. elevation of ipsilateral hemidiaphragm
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13
Q

Give six indications for exploratory laparotomy after penetrating abdominal trauma

A
  1. signs of peritonitis
  2. bowel/omental evisceration
  3. hemodynamic instability despite adequate resuscitation
  4. evidence of penetration of fascia during local wound exploration
  5. pneumoperitoneum ( seen in abdominal x-rays)
  6. blood in stomach (NGT) or rectum (rectal exams)
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14
Q

Give Five signs and symptoms of gastric cancer

A
  1. weight loss
    1. epigastric pain
    2. early satiety
    3. vomiting
    4. epigastric mass
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15
Q

Give at least seven differential diagnosis of scrotal swelling

A
  1. indirect inguinal hernia
    1. hydrocoele
    2. varicocoele
    3. seminoma
    4. epididymal cyst
    5. testicular torsion
    6. orchitis
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16
Q

Give eight risk factors for breast cancer

A
  1. age (average age is 64 y/o)
    1. family history
    2. excessive estrogen exposure (early menarche/late menopause)
    3. biopsy showing atypical ductal/lobular hyperplasia
    4. history of endometrial cancer
    5. history of previous breast cancer
    6. radiation
    7. increase fats
17
Q

Give 14 causes of poor wound repair

A 
1. infection 
	2 .Foreign body
	3. malnutrition
   4. sepsis
	5. anemia
	6. zinc deficiency
	7. corticosteroids
	8. chemotherapy
	9. diabetes mellitus
	10. aids
	11. edema
	12. obesity
	13. radiation
	14. scurvy
18
Q

Give FIVE indications for surgery in peptic ulcer disease

A
  1. persistent bleeding
    1. perforation
    2. obstruction
    3. intractable pain
    4. suspicious of malignancy
19
Q

Give six causes of explosive onset of abdominal pain

A
  1. perforated peptic ulcer
    1. biliary colic
    2. ureteral colic
    3. ruptured aortic aneurysm
    4. dissecting aortic aneurysm
    5. bowel strangulation
20
Q

Give six clinical conditions predisposing to acquired hernias

A
  1. obesity
    1. old age
    2. malnourished
    3. COPD
    4. BPH
    5. colonic obstruction
21
Q

Give seven signs and symptoms of peritonsillar abscess

A
  1. medial displacement of tonsils
    1. buldging abscess thru anterior tonsillar pillars
    2. fever and chills
    3. pain with talking
    4. dysphonia/hot potato voice
    5. inflamed or deviated uvula
    6. foul smelling breath

D&D (2 decks)

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