surgery 2

Question 1

DD of the LUTS ?

Answer 1

1- bladder cancer 
2- prostate cancer 
3- neurogenic: PD, stroke 
4- infection : prostitis cystitis 
5- medication: anticholinerrgic
6- bladder stone
7- contriction stricture in bladder or urethra

Question 2

best indicator for the degree of obstruction is

Answer 2

synptoms of the patient

Question 3

what is the benefits of intravenous urogram?

Answer 3

1- gives info. about upper tracts

2- degree of residual urine

Question 4

man 60 years old found j-hooking in the lower ureter what does it mean?

Answer 4

marked intravescicular prostatic enlagment

Question 5

man 60 years old found elevation in the bladder base in the lower ureter what does it mean?

Answer 5

marked intravescicular prostatic enlagment

Question 6

how can we measure the degree of obstruction in a patient with LUTS?

Answer 6

1- DRE
2- symptoms (better than DRE)
3- measurement of urine flow rate
4- cysto-urethro-scopy (the only direct method)

Question 7

what are the early and late findings in breast carcinoma?

Answer 7

early:
single, non-tender, firm-hard mass, will ill-defined margins
late :
nipple and skin: retraction
axillary L.N: lymphadenopathy
breast size: enlarged 
erythema, edema, and pain
mass fixation to the skin and chest

Question 8

which of the following imaging modalities used to differentiate btw cystic from a solid lesion in the breast?

Answer 8

ultrasound

Question 9

which of the following imaging modalities used in the presence of suspicious abnormality palpated?

Answer 9

mammography

Question 10

which of the following imaging modalities used in the presence of suspicious abnormality NOT palpated?

Answer 10

computerized stereotactic guided core needle

Question 11

which of the following imaging modalities used under local anesthesia?

Answer 11

open biopsy

Question 12

which of the following modalities used to know expressed markers in breast tissue?

Answer 12

large needle biopsy