Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4 Paediatrics > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers covering the contents of the hernia in omphalocele?

A

Peritoneum and amnion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Distinguishing between ?septic arthritis and ?transient synovitis?

A

Kocher criteria used to distinguish septic arthritis from transient synovitis in a child presenting with an inflamed hip are fever > 38.5°C, ESR > 40 mm/hr, WCC > 12 000 cells/mm3, and non-weight bearing. The probability of septic arthritis is 93% if 3 are positive, and 99% if 4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reduced internal rotation is a common sign in which orthopaedic complaint?

A

Reduced internal rotation is a common sign in transient synovitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vomiting before the onset of pain is a feature of what appendix orientation?

A

Retrocecal

The inflamed appendix irritates the duodenum causing vomiting before RLQ pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common complication of appendicitis in children?

A

Perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testicular swelling in babies?

A

Inguinal hernia is important to exclude, it occurs in 3-5% of term babies and up to 30% in premature babies!

However, an inguinal hernia would not be transilluminable and you should be able to separate it from the testes.

Likewise, you cannot normally get above an inguinal hernia.

A varicocele again is separate from the testes, as is an epididymal cyst, though a cyst will be transilluminable like a hydrocele.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the median age of a neonate when presenting with Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Often presents with meconium ileus at 2 DAYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Passage of redcurrant jelly stool is a late sign of?

A

intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what age does pyloric stenosis typically present?

A

4-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first line definitive treatment for a child with a renal stone under 10mm who has not been able to pass the stone?

A

Ureteroscopy or shockwave lithotripsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which types of kidney stones are the most common in childhood?

A

Calcium and struvite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gold standard tool used to diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Rectal suction biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the protruding organs have a protective membrane covering them, which diagnosis is more likely?

A

Omphalocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Key feature of hypospadias?

A

Dorsal hooded foreskin is the key feature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surgical management of testicular torsion?

A

An orchidopexy is done to detort and fix the testicle in place to prevent further episodes of torsion.

It is done bilaterally to reduce the risk of torsion occuring in the contralateral testicle.

An orchidectomy is done if the tesicle is unsalvageable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a palpable mass at McBurneys point in the RLQ suggest?

A

Appendix perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sign is seen on abdominal ultrasound in intussusception?

A

Target sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What sign is seen on AXR in perforation

A

Rigler’s and football sign is found on AXR in perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What sign is seen on AXR in duodenal atresia?

A

Double bubble is seen in duodenal atresia on AXR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main contraindication to enema intervention in intussusception?

A

Perforation i.e. rigglers sign on AXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What finding on USS is indicative of gastroschisis?

A

With gastroschisis, ultrasound can show echogenic and dilated loops of bowel freely floating in the amniotic cavity. Although, some cases are missed and diagnosed clinically at birth.

22
Q

What is the management of a retractile testis at 3 months of age?

A

Monitor annually for ascending testicle

23
Q

What is embryologically responsible for the descent of the testis?

A

Gubernaculum

24
Q

Which blood markers may be raised in perinatal testing that could indicate omphalocele?

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

25
Q

What immediate measure prevents infection in gastroschisis?

A

Protective coating

26
Q

Where is the location of the hernia in omphalocele?

A

Umbilicus

27
Q

Which procedure is associated with increased 28-day mortality in NEC?

A

The need to perform a clip and drop procedure is associated with an increase in neonatal mortality.

28
Q

What are the three groups of cryptochidism

A

True undescended testis

Ectopic testis

Ascending testis

29
Q

What is it important to eliminate if hypospadias is associated with undescended testis?

A

Disorder of sex development

30
Q

On an antenatal anomaly scan, high AFI is noted with absent stomach. What is the probable diagnosis?

A

Oesophageal atresia

31
Q

What is the most common type of intussusception?

A

Ileo-colic

32
Q

If billous vomiting is present in an infant, what is an important differential to consider?

A

Malrotation

33
Q

How many hours after pyloric stenosis surgery can the baby resume feeding?

A

6 hours

34
Q

What are the risk factors for paediatric inguinal hernias?

A

Prematurity
Family history
Male

35
Q

Balanitis xerotica obliterans management

A

Circumcision

36
Q

What is the first line investigation for a child with suspected kidney stones?

A

USS

37
Q

What is the definitive management for pyloric stenosis?

A

Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy

38
Q

Most concerning AXR sign in NEC

A

Air in the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) indicates bowel perforation. This is a concerning finding and indicates Bell’s stage 3- advanced NEC.

39
Q

Undescened testis at what age warrants a referral to urology/paediatric surgeons

A

3 months

40
Q

What is the pathophysiology of a varicocele?

A

Testicular vein dilation due to venous reflux

41
Q

Optimal results by Kasai procedure are obtained if the procedure is done before what age?

A

8 weeks

42
Q

What is the appropriate management if cryptochordism is found at birth?

A

Review at 6 to 8 weeks

43
Q

What are the indications for surgical intervention of a varicocele?

A

Pain, avoid risk of infertility, prevent testicular atrophy

44
Q

What is the pathophysiology of a hydrocele?

A

Accumulation of fluid in a patent processus vaginalis

45
Q

What is the peak incidence of intussusception?

A

5-7 months

46
Q

What is the mean age for when first foreskin retraction occurs?

A

10.4 years old

47
Q

What is the most common type of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Short segment

48
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment in hypospadias?

A

Urethroplasty

49
Q

At what age is it normal phenomena to have ballooning on micturition with a non-retractile foreskin?

A

2-4 years old

50
Q

Paediatric fluid bolus

A

10mls/kg at a time
Up to 40mls/kg

51
Q

Paediatric fluid deficit fluid

A

1% loss - 10ml/kgs
2% loss - 20ml/kgs
3% loss - 30ml/kgs
etc..

52
Q

Paediatric maintenance fluids

A

First 10kgs: 100mls/kg
Next 10kgs (11-20kgs): 50mls/kg
From 21kgs+: 20mls/kg

Year 4 Paediatrics (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions